Editing Creation science (section)

====Flood geology====
{{main|Flood geology}}
Flood geology is a concept based on the belief that most of Earth's geological record was formed by the [[Flood myth|Great Flood]] described in the story of [[Noah's Ark]]. Fossils and [[fossil fuel]]s are believed to have formed from animal and plant matter which was buried rapidly during this flood, while [[submarine canyon]]s are explained as having formed during a rapid runoff from the continents at the end of the flood. [[Sedimentation|Sedimentary]] [[Stratum|strata]] are also claimed to have been predominantly laid down during or after Noah's flood<ref name="HoweEtAl1999">{{cite journal |last1=Howe |first1=George F. |last2=Froede | first2=Carl R. Jr. |date=June 1999 |title=The Haymond Formation Boulder Beds, Marathon Basin, West Texas: Theories On Origins And Catastrophism |url=http://www.creationresearch.org/crsq/articles/36/36_1/haymond.html |journal=Creation Research Society Quarterly |volume=36 |issue=1 |issn=0092-9166 |access-date=2008-06-13 |archive-date=2008-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725063512/http://creationresearch.org/crsq/articles/36/36_1/haymond.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[orogeny]].<ref name="Snelling2008">{{cite journal |last=Snelling |first=Andrew A. |year=2008 |title=Catastrophic Granite Formation: Rapid Melting of Source Rocks, and Rapid Magma Intrusion and Cooling |url=https://legacy-cdn-assets.answersingenesis.org/contents/379/Catastrophic-Granite-Formation.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420033837/https://legacy-cdn-assets.answersingenesis.org/contents/379/Catastrophic-Granite-Formation.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-20 |url-status=live |journal=Answers Research Journal |volume=1 |pages=11–25 |issn=1937-9056 |access-date=2008-06-13 }}</ref> Flood geology is a variant of catastrophism and is contrasted with geological science in that it rejects standard geological principles such as uniformitarianism and radiometric dating. For example, the [[Creation Research Society]] argues that "uniformitarianism is wishful thinking."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reed |first1=John K. |last2=Woodmorappe |first2=John |date=June 2002 |title=Surface and Subsurface Errors in Anti-Creationist Geology |url=http://www.creationresearch.org/crsq/notes/39/39_1/Note0206.htm |journal=Creation Research Society Quarterly |volume=39 |issue=1 |issn=0092-9166 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128125415/http://www.creationresearch.org/crsq/notes/39/39_1/Note0206.htm |archive-date=2013-01-28 |access-date=2013-09-01 }}</ref>

Geologists conclude that no evidence for such a flood is observed in the preserved rock layers<ref name="Montgomery2012"/> and moreover that such a flood is physically impossible, given the current layout of land masses. For instance, since [[Mount Everest]] currently is approximately 8.8 kilometres in elevation and the Earth's surface area is 510,065,600&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, the volume of water required to cover Mount Everest to a depth of 15 [[cubits]] (6.8 m), as indicated by Genesis 7:20, would be 4.6 billion cubic kilometres. Measurements of the amount of precipitable water vapor in the atmosphere have yielded results indicating that condensing all water vapor in a column of atmosphere would produce liquid water with a depth ranging between zero and approximately 70mm, depending on the date and the location of the column.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nwcsaf.org/HTMLContributions/TPW/Prod_TPW.htm |title=Total Precipitable Water |website=Nowcasting Satellite Application Facility |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905114509/https://www.nwcsaf.org/HTMLContributions/TPW/Prod_TPW.htm |archive-date=2011-09-05 |access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Nevertheless, there continue to be adherents to the belief in flood geology, and in recent years new creationist models have been introduced such as [[catastrophic plate tectonics]] and [[Orogeny#History of the concept|catastrophic orogeny]].<ref name="HoweEtAl1999" /><ref name="Froede1995">{{cite journal |last=Froede | first=Carl R. Jr. |date=March 1995 |title=Stone Mountain Georgia: A Creation Geologist's Perspective |url=http://www.creationresearch.org/crsq/articles/31/31_4b.html |journal=Creation Research Society Quarterly |volume=31 |issue=4 |page=214 |issn=0092-9166 |access-date=2014-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403204942/http://www.creationresearch.org/crsq/articles/31/31_4b.html |archive-date=2011-04-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>