Editing Cleveland (section)

== Arts and culture ==
{{See also|Category:Culture of Cleveland|Cleveland School (arts community)}}

=== Theater and performing arts ===
[[File:Playhouse Square at dusk.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Playhouse Square]]]]
Cleveland's Playhouse Square is the second largest performing arts center in the U.S. behind New York City's [[Lincoln Center]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Playhouse Square |website=Cleveland Historical |publisher=Cleveland State University |url=https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/61 |access-date=July 1, 2023 |quote=By the turn of the twenty-first century, all of the original theaters were again hosting performances, constituting the nation's second largest performing arts complex after New York's Lincoln Center. }}</ref> It includes the [[State Theatre (Cleveland)|State]], [[Connor Palace|Palace]], [[Allen Theatre|Allen]], [[Hanna Theatre|Hanna]], and [[Ohio Theatre (Cleveland)|Ohio]] theaters.<ref name="playhouse" /> The theaters host [[musical theatre|Broadway musicals]], special concerts, speaking engagements, and other events throughout the year. Playhouse Square's resident performing arts companies include [[Cleveland Ballet (founded 2014)|Cleveland Ballet]], the [[Cleveland International Film Festival]], the [[Cleveland Play House]], Cleveland State University Department of Theatre and Dance, DANCECleveland, the [[Great Lakes Theater Festival]], and the Tri-C Jazz Fest.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resident Companies |publisher=Playhouse Square Center |url=http://www.playhousesquare.org/about-playhousesquare-main/resident-companies |access-date=June 7, 2020 }}</ref> A city with strong traditions in theater and [[vaudeville]], Cleveland has produced many renowned performers, most prominently comedian [[Bob Hope]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bob Hope and the American Variety: Early Life |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |url=https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/bobhope/early.html |access-date=August 3, 2012 |date=May 10, 2000 }}</ref>

Outside Playhouse Square is [[Karamu House]], the oldest African American theater in the nation, established in 1915.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Karamu House |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/k/karamu-house |access-date=May 11, 2021 |date=April 5, 2021 }}</ref> On the West Side, the Gordon Square Arts District in the Detroit–Shoreway neighborhood is the location of the Capitol Theatre, the [[Near West Theatre]], and an [[Off-Off-Broadway]] playhouse, the [[Cleveland Public Theatre]].<ref name="CLE-hustles" /> The [[Dobama Theatre]] and the [[Beck Center for the Arts]] are based in Cleveland's streetcar suburbs of Cleveland Heights and Lakewood respectively.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Mansfield |first=Herbert |title=Theater |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/t/theater |access-date=August 1, 2019 |date=May 12, 2018 }}</ref>

=== Music ===
[[File:Franz Welser-Möst 2.jpg|thumb|Conductor [[Franz Welser-Möst]] leading the [[Cleveland Orchestra]]]]
The Cleveland Orchestra is widely considered one of the world's finest orchestras, and often referred to as the finest in the nation.<ref>{{cite news |last=Allen |first=David |title=The Cleveland Orchestra, America's Finest, Restarts Recording |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/09/arts/music/cleveland-orchestra-classical-music.html |access-date=June 19, 2023 |date=October 9, 2020 |quote=The Cleveland Orchestra is America's finest, still. }}</ref> It is one of the "[[Big Five (orchestras)|Big Five]]" major orchestras in the U.S.{{sfn|Rosenberg|2000|p=522}} The orchestra plays at [[Severance Hall]] in University Circle during the winter and at [[Blossom Music Center]] in [[Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio|Cuyahoga Falls]] during the summer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mission & History |publisher=The Cleveland Orchestra |url=https://www.clevelandorchestra.com/about/mission-and-history/ |access-date=August 9, 2019 }}</ref> The city is also home to the [[Cleveland Pops Orchestra]], [[Apollo's Fire]] Baroque Orchestra, the [[Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra|Cleveland Youth Orchestra]], the [[Contemporary Youth Orchestra]], the [[Cleveland Youth Wind Symphony]], and the biennial [[Cleveland International Piano Competition]] which has, in the past, often featured the Cleveland Orchestra.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |publisher=Piano Cleveland |url=https://www.pianocleveland.org/about/ |access-date=June 4, 2023 }}</ref>

One Playhouse Square, now the headquarters for Cleveland's [[public broadcasting|public broadcasters]], was initially used as the broadcast studios of WJW (AM), where disc jockey Alan Freed first popularized the term "rock and roll".<ref name="freed" /> Beginning in the 1950s, Cleveland gained a strong reputation as a key breakout market for rock music.<ref name="rock-n-roll">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Rock 'n' Roll |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |date=May 13, 2023 |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/r/rock-n-roll |access-date=May 19, 2023 }}</ref> Its popularity in the city was so great that Billy Bass, the program director at the [[WMMS]] radio station, referred to Cleveland as "The Rock and Roll Capital of the World".<ref name="rock-n-roll" /> The [[Agora Theatre and Ballroom|Cleveland Agora Theatre and Ballroom]] has served as a major venue for rock concerts in the city since the 1960s.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Agora/Agora Ballroom |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |date=February 19, 2020 |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/a/agoraagora-ballroom |access-date=June 1, 2021 }}</ref> From 1974 through 1980, the city hosted the [[World Series of Rock]] at [[Cleveland Stadium|Cleveland Municipal Stadium]].{{sfn|Toman|1997|pp=64–65}}

Jazz and R&B have a long history in Cleveland. Many major figures in jazz performed in the city, including [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Cab Calloway]], [[Duke Ellington]], [[Ella Fitzgerald]], [[Dizzy Gillespie]], and [[Billie Holiday]].<ref name="CLEjazz">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Jazz |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/j/jazz |access-date=June 14, 2019 |date=June 29, 2018 }}</ref>{{sfn|Mosbrook|2013|pp=32–33, 59, 126}} Legendary pianist [[Art Tatum]] regularly played in Cleveland clubs in the 1930s,<ref name="CLEjazz" /> and [[gypsy jazz]] guitarist [[Django Reinhardt]] gave his U.S. debut performance in Cleveland in 1946.<ref>{{cite web |last=Meiksins |first=Robin |title=Django Reinhardt at the Music Hall |website=Cleveland Historical |publisher=Cleveland State University |url=http://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/525 |access-date=August 5, 2019 }}</ref> Prominent jazz artist [[Noble Sissle]] was a graduate of [[Central High School (Cleveland, Ohio)|Cleveland Central High School]], and [[Artie Shaw]] worked and performed in Cleveland early in his career.<ref name="CLEjazz" /> The Tri-C Jazz Fest has been held annually in Cleveland at Playhouse Square since 1980, and the Cleveland Jazz Orchestra was established in 1984.{{sfn|Mosbrook|2013|p=193}}

The city has a history of [[polka]] music being popular both past and present and is the location of the [[Polka Hall of Fame]]. There is even a subgenre called [[Slovenian-style polka|Cleveland-style polka]], named after the city. The music's popularity is due in part to the success of [[Frankie Yankovic]], a Cleveland native who was considered "America's Polka King".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Valencic |first=Joseph |title=Polkas |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/p/polkas |access-date=July 1, 2023 }}</ref>

There is a significant [[hip hop music]] scene in Cleveland. In 1997, the Cleveland hip hop group [[Bone Thugs-n-Harmony]] won a [[Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group|Grammy]] for their song "[[Tha Crossroads]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bone Thugs-N-Harmony {{!}} Biography & History |website=AllMusic |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bone-thugs-n-harmony-mn0000081316/biography |access-date=October 20, 2015 }}</ref>

=== Film and television ===
{{See also|Category:Films set in Cleveland|Category:Films shot in Cleveland}}
[[File:Cleveland Fire Department, 1900.ogg|thumb|''Cleveland Fire Department'' (1900) by the [[Edison Manufacturing Company|Edison Company]], one of the first films made in Cleveland]]
The first film shot in Cleveland was in 1897 by the [[Edison Manufacturing Company|company]] of Ohioan [[Thomas Edison]].<ref name="Cle-Enc-Film">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Cleveland on Film |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/cleveland-film |date=May 30, 2023 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref> Before [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] became the center for [[Cinema of the United States|American cinema]], filmmaker Samuel Brodsky and playwright Robert McLaughlin operated a film studio at the [[Samuel Andrews (chemist)|Andrews]] mansion on Euclid Avenue (now the [[WEWS-TV]] studio).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Andrews's Folly |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/a/andrewss-folly |date=July 2, 2021 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref> There they produced major [[silent film|silent-era]] features, such as ''[[Dangerous Toys (film)|Dangerous Toys]]'' (1921), which are now considered [[lost film|lost]]. Brodsky also directed the weekly ''Plain Dealer Screen Magazine'' that ran in theaters in Cleveland and Ohio from 1917 to 1924.<ref name="Cle-Enc-Film" /> In addition, Cleveland hosted over a dozen [[sponsored film]] studios, including [[Cinécraft Productions]], which still operates in Ohio City.<ref name="Cle-Enc-Film" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Cinecraft Productions: The Historic Film Company produced by a Love Story |last=Dubelko |first=Jim |website=Cleveland Historical |publisher=Cleveland State University |url=https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/999 |access-date=May 22, 2023 }}</ref>

In the "[[sound film|talkie]]" era, Cleveland featured in several [[Major film studio|major studio]] films, such as [[Michael Curtiz]]'s [[Pre-Code Hollywood|pre-Code]] classic ''[[Goodbye Again (1933 film)|Goodbye Again]]'' (1933) with [[Warren William]] and [[Joan Blondell]]. Players from the [[1948 Cleveland Indians season|1948 Cleveland Indians]] appeared in ''[[The Kid from Cleveland]]'' (1949). [[Billy Wilder]]'s ''[[The Fortune Cookie]]'' (1966) was set and filmed in the city and marked the first onscreen pairing of [[Walter Matthau]] and [[Jack Lemmon]]. Labor struggles in Cleveland were depicted in ''[[Native Land]]'' (1942), narrated by [[Paul Robeson]], and in [[Norman Jewison]]'s ''[[F.I.S.T. (film)|F.I.S.T.]]'' (1978) with [[Sylvester Stallone]]. Clevelander [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s ''[[Stranger Than Paradise]]'' (1984) – a [[deadpan]] comedy about two New Yorkers who travel to Florida by way of Cleveland – was a favorite of the [[Cannes Film Festival]]. ''[[Major League (film)|Major League]]'' (1989) reflected the [[Cleveland Guardians#1960–1993: The 33-year slump|perennial struggles]] of the Cleveland Indians, while ''[[American Splendor (film)|American Splendor]]'' (2003) reflected the life of Cleveland graphic novelist [[Harvey Pekar]]. ''[[Kill the Irishman]]'' (2011) depicted the 1970s turf war between [[Danny Greene]] and the Cleveland crime family.<ref name="Cle-Enc-Film" />

Cleveland has doubled for other locations in films. The wedding and reception scenes in ''[[The Deer Hunter]]'' (1978), while set in suburban Pittsburgh, were shot in Cleveland's Tremont neighborhood. ''[[A Christmas Story]]'' (1983) was set in [[Indiana]], but drew many external shots from Cleveland. The opening shots of ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' (1997) were filmed in and above Severance Hall, and ''[[Judas and the Black Messiah]]'' (2021) was filmed in Cleveland, although set in Chicago. Downtown Cleveland doubled for [[Manhattan]] in ''[[Spider-Man 3]]'' (2007), ''[[The Avengers (2012 film)|The Avengers]]'' (2012), and ''[[The Fate of the Furious]]'' (2017), and for [[Metropolis (comics)|Metropolis]] in [[James Gunn]]'s ''[[Superman (2025 film)|Superman]]'' (2025). Future productions are handled by the [[Greater Cleveland Film Commission]] at the [[Leader Building]] on Superior Avenue.<ref name="Cle-Enc-Film" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Morona |first=Joey |date=June 24, 2024 |title=It's a bird! It's a plane! No, it's Superman strolling the streets of Cleveland |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2024/06/its-a-bird-its-a-plane-no-its-superman-strolling-the-streets-of-cleveland.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624204118/https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2024/06/its-a-bird-its-a-plane-no-its-superman-strolling-the-streets-of-cleveland.html |archive-date=June 24, 2024 |access-date=June 24, 2024 |newspaper=The Plain Dealer }}</ref>

In television, the city is the setting for the popular network sitcom ''[[The Drew Carey Show]]'', starring Cleveland native [[Drew Carey]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Stanley |first=Alessandra |title=Stay. Eat. Make Yourself at Home. Maybe Find a Man |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/16/arts/television/16hot.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/16/arts/television/16hot.html |archive-date=January 1, 2022 |url-access=limited |date=June 15, 2010 |access-date=July 7, 2010}}{{cbignore }}</ref> ''[[Hot in Cleveland]]'', a comedy that aired on [[TV Land]], premiered on June 16, 2010, and ran for six seasons until its finale on June 3, 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rice |first=Lynette |title='Hot in Cleveland' attracts record ratings for TV Land |newspaper=Hollywood Insider |url=http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2010/06/17/hot-in-cleveland-attracts-record-ratings-for-tv-land/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619005240/http://hollywoodinsider.ew.com/2010/06/17/hot-in-cleveland-attracts-record-ratings-for-tv-land/ |date=June 17, 2010 |access-date=July 7, 2010 |archive-date=June 19, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |title='Hot In Cleveland' To End Run After Six Seasons On TV Land |newspaper=Deadline Hollywood |url=https://deadline.com/2014/11/hot-in-cleveland-cancelled-six-seasons-tv-land-1201287034/ |date=November 17, 2014 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref> ''[[Cleveland Hustles]]'', the [[CNBC]] reality show co-created by [[LeBron James]], was filmed in the city.<ref name="CLE-hustles" />

=== Literature ===
[[File:Langston Hughes cph.3a43849.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Jazz poetry|Jazz poet]] and resident Clevelander [[Langston Hughes]]]]
Cleveland has a thriving literary and poetry community, with regular poetry readings at bookstores, coffee shops, and various other venues.<ref>A calendar of Cleveland area poetry events can be found at {{cite web |title=Cleveland Poetics |url=http://clevelandpoetics.blogspot.com/ |access-date=May 20, 2023 }}</ref> In 1925, [[Russian Futurism|Russian Futurist]] poet [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]] came to Cleveland and gave a poetry [[recitation]] to the city's ethnic working class, as part of his trip to America.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mayakovsky in Cleveland: A Fiery Futurist's Discovery of the Forest City |last=Shakarian |first=Pietro A. |website=Cleveland Historical |publisher=Cleveland State University |url=https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/1001 |access-date=April 27, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Through the Brooklyn Bridge. Here Stood Mayakovsky |publisher=[[Harriman Institute]] ([[Columbia University]]) |url=https://harriman.columbia.edu/event/through-the-brooklyn-bridge-here-stood-mayakovsky/ |date=January 18, 2019 |access-date=August 1, 2022 }}</ref> The [[Cleveland State University Poetry Center]] serves as an academic center for poetry in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mission |publisher=[[Cleveland State University Poetry Center]] |url=http://www.csupoetrycenter.com/mission |access-date=May 28, 2023 }}</ref>

[[Langston Hughes]], preeminent poet of the [[Harlem Renaissance]] and child of an itinerant couple, lived in Cleveland as a teenager and attended Central High School in Cleveland in the 1910s.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hughes, (James) Langston |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/h/hughes-james-langston |date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref> At Central High, the young writer was taught by [[Helen Maria Chesnutt]], daughter of Cleveland-born African American novelist [[Charles W. Chesnutt]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ronnick |first=Michele Valerie |title=Within CAMWS Territory: Helen M. Chesnutt (1880–1969), Black Latinist |publisher=[[Classical Association of the Middle West and South|CAMWS]] |url=https://camws.org/meeting/2005/abstracts2005/ronnick.html |access-date=February 1, 2019 }}</ref> Hughes authored some of his earliest poems, plays, and short stories in Cleveland and contributed to the school newspaper.<ref>{{cite news |last=Perkovic |first=John |title=Cleveland home of literary great Langston Hughes on the market for $85,000 |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2013/10/cleveland_home_of_literary_gre.html |date=October 24, 2013 |access-date=May 20, 2023 }}</ref> The African American avant-garde poet [[Russell Atkins]] lived in the city as well.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Gibans |first1=Nina |last2=Shelley |first2=James |title=Literature |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/l/literature |date=May 11, 2018 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref>

The American modernist poet [[Hart Crane]] was born in nearby [[Garrettsville, Ohio]] in 1899. His adolescence was divided between Cleveland and Akron before he moved to New York City in 1916. Aside from factory work during [[World War I]], he served as a reporter to ''[[The Plain Dealer]]'' for a short period, before achieving recognition in the [[Modernist]] literary scene.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Crane, Hart |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/crane-hart |date=March 3, 2023 |access-date=June 7, 2023 }}</ref> On the Case Western Reserve University campus, a statue of Crane, designed by sculptor [[William McVey (sculptor)|William McVey]], stands behind the Kelvin Smith Library.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hart Crane Memorial |work=Ohio Outdoor Sculpture |url=http://www.sculpturecenter.org/oosi/items/show/130 |access-date=June 7, 2020 }}</ref>

Cleveland was the home of [[Joe Shuster]] and [[Jerry Siegel]], who created the comic book character [[Superman]] in 1932.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Superman |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/s/superman |access-date=August 5, 2019 |date=May 12, 2018 }}</ref> Both attended [[Glenville High School]], and their early collaborations resulted in the creation of "The Man of Steel".{{sfn|Ricca|2013|p=[https://archive.org/details/superboysamazing0000ricc/page/100 100]}} [[Harlan Ellison]], noted author of [[speculative fiction]], was born in Cleveland in 1934; his family subsequently moved to nearby [[Painesville, Ohio|Painesville]], though Ellison moved back to Cleveland in 1949. As a young man, he published a series of short stories appearing in the ''[[Cleveland News]]'', and performed in a number of productions for the Cleveland Play House.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dawidziak |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Dawidziak |title=Harlan Ellison, fiery and brilliant writer from Cleveland, dead at 84 |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/tv-blog/2018/06/harlan_ellison_fiery_and_brilliant_writer_from_cleveland_dead_at_84.html |date=June 28, 2018 |access-date=May 22, 2023 }}</ref>

Cleveland is the site of the [[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]], established by poet and philanthropist [[Edith Anisfield Wolf]] in 1935, which recognizes books that have made important contributions to the understanding of racism and human diversity.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |publisher=[[Anisfield-Wolf Book Award]] |url=https://www.anisfield-wolf.org/about/ |access-date=May 19, 2023 }}</ref> Presented by the [[The Cleveland Foundation|Cleveland Foundation]], it remains the only American book prize focusing on works that address racism and diversity.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Marino |first=Jacqueline |title=The Biggest Little-Known Book Award |magazine=[[Belt Magazine]] |url=http://beltmag.com/the-biggest-little-known-book-award/ |date=September 9, 2013 |access-date=May 20, 2023 }}</ref>

=== Museums and galleries ===
{{See also|List of museums in Cleveland}}
{{multiple image
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 |image1 = Cleveland Museum of Art (8687300870).jpg
 |caption1 = The [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] lies at the edge of Wade Lagoon in [[University Circle]].
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 |caption2 = The [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] on the shores of Lake Erie
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Cleveland has two main [[art museum]]s. The [[Cleveland Museum of Art]] is a major American art museum, with a collection that includes more than 60,000 works of art ranging from [[ancient art|ancient masterpieces]] to [[contemporary art|contemporary pieces]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Collection Online Guide and FAQs |publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art |url=https://www.clevelandart.org/educators/collection-online-guide-and-faqs |date=July 13, 2021 |access-date=June 19, 2023 }}</ref> The [[Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland]] showcases established and emerging artists, particularly from the Cleveland area, through hosting and producing temporary exhibitions.<ref name="MOCA-Cle">{{cite web |title=About MOCA Cleveland: The Art + Ideas of Our Time |publisher=Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland |url=https://www.mocacleveland.org/about |access-date=July 22, 2019 }}</ref> Both museums offer free admission to visitors, with the Cleveland Museum of Art declaring their museum free and open "for the benefit of all the people forever."<ref>{{cite web |title=Museum History |publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art |url=http://www.clevelandart.org/about/about-the-museum/history-and-mission |access-date=July 15, 2019 |date=October 5, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="MOCA-Cle" />

The two museums are part of Cleveland's [[University Circle]], a {{convert|550|acre|km2|adj=on}} concentration of cultural, educational, and medical institutions located {{Convert|5|mi}} east of downtown. In addition to the art museums, the neighborhood includes the [[Cleveland Botanical Garden]], Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals, [[Severance Hall]], the [[Maltz Performing Arts Center]], the [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]], and the [[Western Reserve Historical Society]]. Also located at University Circle is the [[Cleveland Cinematheque]] at the Cleveland Institute of Art.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Cinematheque |publisher=[[Cleveland Institute of Art]] |url=https://www.cia.edu/cinematheque |access-date=August 9, 2019 }}</ref>

The [[I. M. Pei]]-designed [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] is located on Cleveland's Lake Erie waterfront at North Coast Harbor downtown. Neighboring attractions include [[Cleveland Browns Stadium]], the [[Great Lakes Science Center]], the [[SS William G. Mather (1925)|Steamship Mather Museum]], the [[International Women's Air & Space Museum]], and the {{USS|Cod|SS-224|6}}, a World War II [[Gato-class submarine|submarine]]. Designed by architect [[Levi Scofield|Levi T. Scofield]], the [[Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Cleveland)|Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument]] at Public Square is Cleveland's major Civil War memorial and a major attraction in the city.<ref name="soldiers-sailors" /> Other city attractions include [[Grays Armory]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Fearing |first=Heidi K. |title=Grays Armory |website=Cleveland Historical |publisher=Cleveland State University |url=https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/298 |access-date=July 16, 2023 }}</ref> the [[Cleveland Masonic Temple]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Masonic Temple |website=Cleveland Historical |publisher=Cleveland State University |url=https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/9 |access-date=November 11, 2024 }}</ref> and the [[Children's Museum of Cleveland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Museum History, Vision & Mission |website=Children's Museum of Cleveland |url=https://cmcleveland.org/history/ |access-date=August 8, 2023 }}</ref> A Cleveland holiday attraction, especially for fans of [[Jean Shepherd]]'s ''A Christmas Story'', is the [[A Christmas Story House|Christmas Story House and Museum]] in Tremont.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |publisher=A Christmas Story House and Museum |url=https://www.achristmasstoryhouse.com/ |access-date=August 5, 2019 }}</ref>

=== Annual events ===
[[File:Feast of the Assumption in Little Italy Cleveland (36388057482).jpg|thumb|The [[Cleveland Feast of the Assumption Festival|Feast of the Assumption]] in Cleveland's [[University Circle#Little Italy|Little Italy]]]]
Cleveland hosts the WinterLand holiday display lighting festival annually at Public Square.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |publisher=WinterLand CLE |url=https://winterlandcle.com/ |access-date=May 19, 2023 }}</ref> The [[Cleveland International Film Festival]] has been held in the city since 1977,<ref>{{cite web |title=History |publisher=[[Cleveland International Film Festival]] |url=https://www.clevelandfilm.org/about/history |access-date=August 3, 2019 }}</ref> and the Cleveland Silent Film Festival has been held since 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last=McLaughlin |first=Kevin |title=Cleveland Silent Film Festival partners with Cleveland Public Library |newspaper=The Land |url=https://thelandcle.org/stories/cleveland-silent-film-festival-partners-with-cleveland-public-library/ |date=March 11, 2025 |access-date=March 31, 2025 }}</ref> The [[Cleveland National Air Show]], an indirect successor to the National Air Races, has been held at the city's [[Burke Lakefront Airport]] since 1964.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Cleveland Air Show |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/cleveland-air-show |access-date=August 9, 2019 |date=March 21, 2019 }}</ref> The Great Lakes Burning River Fest, a two-night music and beer festival at Whiskey Island, has been sponsored by the Great Lakes Brewing Company since 2001.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |publisher=[[Great Lakes Brewing Company]] |url=https://www.greatlakesbrewing.com/our-history |access-date=August 10, 2019 }}</ref>

Many ethnic festivals are held in Cleveland throughout the year. These include the annual [[Cleveland Feast of the Assumption Festival|Feast of the Assumption]] in Little Italy,<ref>{{cite news |first=Steven |last=Litt |title=Is Cleveland's Little Italy in danger of being loved to death? |url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2024/07/is-clevelands-little-italy-in-danger-of-being-loved-to-death.html |work=The Plain Dealer |date=July 30, 2024 |access-date=August 21, 2024 }}</ref> Russian [[Maslenitsa]] in Rockefeller Park,<ref>{{cite news |last=DeMarco |first=Laura |title=Russian Maslenitsa Festival in Rockefeller Park celebrates end of winter |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2018/02/russian_maslenitsa_festival_in.html |date=February 14, 2018 |access-date=January 17, 2024 }}</ref> the Puerto Rican Parade and Cultural Festival in Clark–Fulton,<ref>{{cite web |title=Puerto Rican Parade & Cultural Festival |publisher=Destination Cleveland |url=https://www.thisiscleveland.com/events/event-calendar/puerto-rican-parade-cultural-festival |access-date=June 4, 2023 }}</ref> the Cleveland Asian Festival in Asiatown,<ref>{{cite web |title=Cleveland Asian Festival |publisher=Destination Cleveland |url=https://www.thisiscleveland.com/events/annual-events/cleveland-asian-festival |access-date=June 4, 2023 }}</ref> the Tremont Greek Fest,<ref>{{cite news |last=Abusada |first=Abusada |title=Tremont's Greek Fest is officially back |publisher=WEWS-TV |url=https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/cleveland-metro/tremonts-greek-fest-is-officially-back |date=May 28, 2022 |access-date=June 4, 2023 }}</ref> and the St. Mary Romanian Festival in West Park.<ref>{{cite news |last=Valentic |first=Stefanie |title=West Park Romanian festival celebrates 14 years of tradition |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/community/2019/08/west-park-romanian-festival-celebrates-14-years-of-tradition.html |date=August 19, 2019 |access-date=June 4, 2023 }}</ref> Cleveland also hosts annual Polish [[Śmigus-dyngus|Dyngus Day]] and Slovene [[Kurentovanje]] celebrations.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |publisher=Cleveland Dyngus Day |url=https://clevelanddyngus.com/history/ |access-date=February 18, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |publisher=Cleveland Kurentovanje |url=https://www.clevelandkurentovanje.com/about |access-date=August 1, 2022 }}</ref> The city's annual [[Saint Patrick's Day]] parade brings hundreds of thousands to the streets of Downtown.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |publisher=Cleveland St. Patrick's Day Parade |url=http://www.stpatricksdaycleveland.com/p/about-us.html |access-date=July 22, 2021 }}</ref> The [[Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival]] held each spring at Cleveland State University is the largest Indian classical music and dance festival in the world outside of India.<ref>{{cite news |last=DeJong |first=Lisa |title=Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2016/03/cleveland_thyagaraja_festival.html |date=March 30, 2016 |access-date=June 19, 2023 }}</ref> Since 1946, the city has annually marked One World Day in the [[Cleveland Cultural Gardens]] in Rockefeller Park, celebrating all of its ethnic communities.<ref name="culturalgardens" />

=== Cuisine ===
[[File:West Side Market Cleveland.jpg|thumb|The historic [[West Side Market]] in Cleveland's [[Ohio City, Cleveland|Ohio City]] neighborhood]]
Cleveland's mosaic of ethnic communities and their various culinary traditions have long played an important role in defining the city's cuisine. Local mainstays include an abundance of Slavic, Hungarian, and Central-Eastern European contributions, such as [[kielbasa]], [[stuffed cabbage]], [[pierogi]]es, [[goulash]], and [[chicken paprikash]].{{sfn|Taxel|2009|pp=133-135}} [[Italian-American cuisine|Italian]], [[German cuisine|German]], [[Irish cuisine|Irish]], and [[American Jewish cuisine|Jewish]] cuisines are also prominent in Cleveland, as are [[Lebanese cuisine|Lebanese]], [[Greek-American cuisine|Greek]], [[American Chinese cuisine|Chinese]], [[Puerto Rican cuisine|Puerto Rican]], [[Mexican cuisine|Mexican]], and numerous other ethnic cuisines. Vendors at the [[West Side Market]] in Ohio City offer many ethnic foods for sale.<ref>{{cite news |last=Snook |first=Debbi |title=Cleveland's West Side Market feeds bellies and our souls with its rich ethnic heritage |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/west-side-market/2012/05/clevelands_west_side_market_fe.html |date=May 27, 2012 |access-date=August 1, 2022 }}</ref> In addition, the city boasts a vibrant [[Barbecue in the United States|barbecue]] and [[soul food]] scene.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cain |first1=Brenda |last2=Rodriguez |first2=Yadi |title=Top 20 Soul Food Restaurants in Greater Cleveland according to Yelp |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2020/02/top-21-soul-food-restaurants-in-greater-cleveland-according-to-yelp.html |date=February 3, 2020 |access-date=May 1, 2023 }}</ref>

Slyman's Deli on Cleveland's near East Side is notable for its [[corned beef]] sandwich, with patrons including former US Presidents [[George W. Bush]] and [[Joe Biden]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Goodrich |first=Barry |title=Classic Cleveland Restaurants: Slyman's Restaurants |magazine=Cleveland Magazine |url=https://clevelandmagazine.com/food-drink/articles/classic-cleveland-restaurants-slyman's-restaurants |date=January 22, 2020 |access-date=May 19, 2023 }}</ref> Another celebrated sandwich, the [[Polish Boy]], is a popular [[street food]] and Cleveland original frequently sold at downtown [[hot dog cart]]s and stadium concession stands.<ref>{{cite news |last=Axelrod |first=Ben |title=Cleveland's Polish Boy named one of world's 10 best hot dogs |publisher=WKYC |url=https://www.wkyc.com/article/news/local/cleveland/cleveland-polish-boy-named-10-best-hot-dogs-in-the-world/95-a1d44b3c-9a02-4441-a741-472193621d97 |date=April 11, 2023 |access-date=August 8, 2023 }}</ref> Brown [[Stadium Mustard|stadium mustard]] is synonymous with Cleveland, especially [[Bertman Original Ballpark Mustard]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Chakerian |first=Peter |title=No hot-doggin' it, we definitely 'cut the mustard' in The Land |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2024/03/no-hot-doggin-it-we-definitely-cut-the-mustard-in-the-land-classic-cle-eats-drinks.html |date=March 22, 2024 |access-date=January 4, 2025 }}</ref> Another notable local food item with Depression-era roots is [[city chicken]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Frederick |first=Missy |title=What Is City Chicken, Really?: How a Depression-era dish conquered Cleveland |magazine=[[Eater (website)|Eater]] |url=https://www.eater.com/2017/5/5/15551870/city-chicken-cleveland-pittsburgh |date=May 5, 2017 |access-date=January 1, 2025 }}</ref>

With its [[Blue-collar worker|blue-collar]] roots well intact, and plenty of Lake Erie [[Yellow perch|perch]] and [[walleye]] available, the tradition of Friday night [[fish fry|fish fries]] remains alive and thriving in Cleveland, particularly in ethnic parish-based settings, especially during the season of [[Lent]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=2023 Cleveland Fish Fry Guide |magazine=Cleveland Magazine |url=https://clevelandmagazine.com/food-drink/fish-fries |access-date=May 19, 2023 }}</ref> [[Clambake]]s are likewise embedded into the city's culinary culture.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Trattner |first=Douglas |title=How Cleveland Became a Clambake Capital of America |magazine=[[Cleveland Scene]] |url=https://www.clevescene.com/food-drink/how-cleveland-became-a-clambake-capital-of-america-45236210 |date=October 3, 2024 |access-date=January 1, 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Zaleski |first=Annie |title=How Did the Cleveland Clambake Even Become a Thing? |magazine=[[Thrillist]] |url=https://www.thrillist.com/eat/cleveland/cleveland-ohio-clambake-history |date=September 28, 2016 |access-date=January 1, 2025 }}</ref> For dessert, the Cleveland [[Cassata#United States|Cassata Cake]] is a unique treat invented in the local Italian community and served in Italian establishments throughout the city.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wolfe |first=Paris |title=Cleveland Cassata Cake is a local invention |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2023/03/cleveland-cassata-cake-is-a-local-invention.html |date=March 10, 2023 |access-date=May 1, 2023 }}</ref> Another popular dessert, the locally crafted Russian Tea Biscuit, is common in many Jewish bakeries in Cleveland.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bania-Dobyns |first=Sarah |title=If you want this delectable Jewish pastry, you'll have to go to Cleveland |newspaper=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |url=https://www.jpost.com/food-recipes/if-you-want-this-delectable-jewish-pastry-youll-have-to-go-to-cleveland-670162 |date=September 22, 2021 |access-date=May 1, 2023 }}</ref>

Cleveland is noted in the world of celebrity food culture. Famous local figures include chef [[Michael Symon]] and food writer [[Michael Ruhlman]], both of whom achieved local and national attention for their contributions to the culinary world. In 2007, Symon helped gain the spotlight when he was named "[[The Next Iron Chef]]" on the [[Food Network]]. That same year, Ruhlman collaborated with [[Anthony Bourdain]], to do an episode of his ''[[Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations]]'' focusing on Cleveland's restaurant scene.<ref>{{cite news |last=Eng |first=Monica |title=Hot new dining city: Cleveland?! |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |quote=By the time I hit Cleveland for the grand culinary tour, Ruhlman had the routine down. Earlier in the year, his chef/writer pal Anthony Bourdain had filmed a whole episode of his Travel Channel show "No Reservations" in Cleveland. |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/la-trw-trvmain3-wk3-story.html |date=January 29, 2008 |access-date=July 7, 2023 }}</ref>

=== Breweries ===
Ohio produces the fifth most beer in the U.S., with its largest brewery being Cleveland's [[Great Lakes Brewing Company]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ohio craft-beer production ranks 5th in U.S.; 3 breweries in top 50 |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2021/04/ohio-craft-beer-production-ranks-5th-in-us-3-breweries-in-top-50.html |date=April 14, 2021 |access-date=May 20, 2021 }}</ref> Cleveland has had a long history of brewing, tied to many of its ethnic immigrants, and has reemerged as a regional leader in production.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vintage pictures of Cleveland's historic breweries |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2017/08/vintage_pictures_of_clevelands.html |date=August 17, 2017 |access-date=May 20, 2021 }}</ref> Dozens of breweries exist in the city limits, including large producers such as [[Market Garden Brewery]] and [[Platform Beer Company]].

Breweries can be found throughout the city, but the highest concentration is in the Ohio City neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite news |title=10 Breweries with outdoor seating in and around Ohio City |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2021/04/10-breweries-with-outdoor-seating-in-and-around-ohio-city.html |date=April 6, 2021 |access-date=May 20, 2021 }}</ref> Cleveland hosts expansions from other countries as well, including the Scottish [[BrewDog]] and German [[Staatliches Hofbräuhaus in München#Franchises|Hofbrauhaus]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hofbrauhaus Cleveland set to reopen next week |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2021/02/hofbrauhaus-cleveland-set-to-reopen-next-week.html |date=February 26, 2021 |access-date=May 20, 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=BrewDog confirms Cleveland expansion |newspaper=The Plain Dealer |url=https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2021/04/brewdog-confirms-cleveland-expansion.html |date=April 13, 2021 |access-date=May 20, 2021 }}</ref>