Editing City-state (section)

==Modern city-states==
===Vatican City===
[[File:Vatican City map EN.svg|thumb|left|[[Vatican City]], a city-state well known for being the smallest country in the world]]
{{Main|Vatican City}}
Until September 1870, the city of [[Rome]] had been controlled by the [[pope]] as part of his [[Papal States]]. When King [[Victor Emmanuel II]] seized the city in 1870, [[Pope Pius IX]] refused to recognize the newly formed [[Italian unification|Kingdom of Italy]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

Because he could not travel without effectively acknowledging the authority of the king, Pius IX and his successors each claimed to be a "[[Prisoner in the Vatican]]", unable to leave the {{convert|0.49|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} papal [[enclave]] once they had ascended the [[throne|papal throne]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

The [[Roman Question|impasse]] was resolved in 1929 by the [[Lateran Treaties]] negotiated by the Italian dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] between King [[Victor Emmanuel III]] and [[Pope Pius XI]]. Under this treaty, Vatican City was recognized as an independent state, with the Pope as its head. The [[Vatican City|Vatican City State]] has its own [[citizenship]], [[diplomatic corps]], [[Flag of Vatican City|flag]], and [[Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City|postage stamp]]s. With a population of less than 1,000 (mostly clergymen), it is by far the smallest sovereign country in the world.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

{{Multiple image

 | image1            = Monaco Monte Carlo 1.jpg
 | caption1          = [[Monaco]], known for its [[Monte Carlo Casino|casino]], [[Monarchy of Monaco|royalty]] and scenic [[Port Hercules|harbour]]
 | width             = 240
 | direction         = vertical
 | image2            = 1 Singapore city skyline 2010 day panorama.jpg
 | caption2          = [[Singapore]], modern city-state and [[island country]]
}}

===Monaco===
{{Main|Monaco}}

The [[Monaco|Principality of Monaco]] is a very small independent city-state bordering France. [[Monaco-Ville]] (the ancient fortified city) and Monaco's well-known area [[Monte Carlo]] are districts of a continuous urban zone, not distinct cities, though they were three separate municipalities (''communes'') until 1917. The Principality of Monaco and the city of Monaco (each having specific powers) govern the same territory. Though they maintain a small [[Military of Monaco|military]], largely for ceremonial purposes, they would still have to rely on France for defence in the face of an aggressive power.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

===Singapore===
{{Main|Singapore}}
Singapore is an island city-state in [[Southeast Asia]] bordering Malaysia to the north and Indonesia to the south. 6 million people live and work within {{convert|728.3|km2}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Environment |website=Base |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |access-date=21 February 2021 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719053602/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |url-status=live }}</ref> making Singapore the [[List of countries by population density|2nd-most-densely populated country in the world]] after Monaco. Singapore was part of the Federation of [[Malaysia]] for two years before it was [[Singapore in Malaysia#Expulsion|expelled from the federation]] in 1965, becoming an independent [[republic]], a city and a [[sovereignty|sovereign]] country. ''[[The Economist]]'' refers to the nation as the "world's only fully functioning city-state".<ref name="econ-CS"/> In particular, it has its own [[Singapore dollar|currency]], a large commercial [[Changi Airport|airport]], one of the busiest trans-shipment [[Port of Singapore|maritime ports in the world]], and fully fledged [[Singapore Armed Forces|armed forces]] to safeguard the nation's sovereignty against potential regional aggressors.<ref name="econ-CS">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/sites/default/files/20150718_singapore.pdf|title=The Singapore exception |date=18 July 2015|first=Simon|last=Long |newspaper=The Economist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125020203/https://www.economist.com/sites/default/files/20150718_singapore.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Oliver |first1=Robert T. |title=Leadership in Asia : persuasive communication in the making of nations |date=1989 |publisher=University of Delaware Press |location=Newark |isbn=087413353X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3BUEhOo8ycC&pg=PA200 |pages=200}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Singapore 2065 : leading insights on economy and environment from 50 Singapore icons and beyond |publisher=World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. |location=Singapore |isbn=978-9814663397|last1=Quah |first1=Euston |date=30 July 2015 }}</ref> Singapore is also referred to as the only island city-state in the world by WorldAtlas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-15 |title=Cities That Are Also Sovereign States |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/cities-that-are-also-sovereign-states.html |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US |quote=Singapore is the only island city-state in the world and is home to some of the richest people in the world.}}</ref>