Editing Chartism (section)

===Colonies===
{{Eureka Rebellion sidebar}}

Chartism was also an important influence in some British colonies. Some leaders were punished by transportation to Australia, where they spread their beliefs. In 1854, Chartist demands were put forward by the miners at the [[Eureka Stockade]] on the [[gold]] fields at [[Ballarat, Victoria|Ballarat]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]]. Within two years of the military suppression of the Eureka revolt, the first elections of the Victoria parliament were held, with near-universal male suffrage and by secret ballot<ref>Geoffrey Serle, ''The Golden Age: A History of the Colony of Victoria'' (1963) ch 9</ref> (and with the successful use of secret voting in Australia, it spread to the UK and Canada in the 1870s, and later gradually to the U.S.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp2223/120FranchiseActSymposium | title=120th Anniversary of the 1902 Franchise and Electoral Acts: Proceedings of a Parliamentary Library Symposium }}</ref>

It has been argued that Chartist influence in Australia led to other reforms in the late 19th century and well into the 20th century, including [[women's suffrage]], relatively short three-year parliamentary terms, [[instant-runoff voting|preferential voting]] ([[instant-runoff voting]]), [[compulsory voting]] and [[single transferable vote]] [[proportional representation]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Judith |last=Brett |title=From Secret Ballot to Democracy Sausage: How Australia Got Compulsory Voting |publisher=Text Publishing Co |year=2019 |isbn=978-1925603842}}</ref>

In the African colonies after 1920, there were occasional appearances of a "colonial Chartism" that called for improved welfare, upgraded education, freedom of speech, and greater political representation for native people.<ref>Barbara Bush, ''Imperialism, race, and resistance: Africa and Britain, 1919–1945'' (1999) p. 261</ref>