Editing Castilla–La Mancha (section)

== Demography ==
Large parts of the region are experiencing a demographic decline. In contrast, besides the provincial capitals, two specific areas bordering the Madrid region associated to the [[Madrid metropolitan area]] have experienced a population growth well above the national average: [[La Sagra]] (around the [[Autovía A-42|A-42]] highway) and the [[Henares Corridor]] (around the [[Autovía A-2|A-2]]).{{Sfn|Rodríguez-Domenech|2016|p=180}} Overall, as of 2016, the [[NUTS-2]] region of Castilla–La Mancha featured an average index of demographic vulnerability of 30, similar to those of the European regions of [[Upper Palatinate]] (Germany), [[Styria]] (Austria), [[Catalonia]] (Spain), [[Overijssel]] (Netherlands) and [[Campania]] (Italy).{{Sfn|Rodríguez-Domenech|2016|p=180}}

{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote = Source: [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]
|1857| 1203248
|1887| 1325744
|1900| 1394670
|1910| 1550093
|1920| 1674207
|1930| 1849999
|1940| 1921849
|1950| 2030598
|1960| 2015262
|1970| 1732696
|1981| 1648634
|1991| 1658446
|2001| 1760516
|2011| 2106331
|2021| 2052505
}}
[[File:Densidad de poblacion C-LM_(1 de enero de 2020).svg|thumb|left|Municipal population density in Castilla–La Mancha (2020): {{legend|#FFD5D5|0–9.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#FFAAAA|10–19.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#FF8080|20–29.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#FF5555|30–39.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#FF2A2A|40–49.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#FF0000|50–59.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#D40000|60–69.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#AA0000|70–79.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#800000|80–89.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#550000|90–99.9 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}{{legend|#2B0000|100+ inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>}}]]
<!--[[File:Edad y sexo Castilla-La Mancha.jpg|thumb|right|Composition of the population of Castilla–La Mancha by age and sex.]]-->

===Number of inhabitants===
According to the official 11 January 2008 data of the [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]] Castilla–La Mancha has 2,043,100 inhabitants in its five provinces. Despite being the third largest of Spains communities by surface area (after Castilla y León and Andalusia), it is only the ninth most populous. Castilla–La Mancha has just 4.4 percent of Spain's population.

===Population density===
With an average [[population density]] of {{convert|25.71|/sqkm|/sqmi}}, Castilla–La Mancha has the least dense population in all of Spain: the national average is {{convert|88.6|/sqkm|/sqmi}}. Industrialized zones such as the [[Henares Corridor]] (along the river [[Henares]], a tributary of the Jarama) with a density of {{convert|126|/sqkm|/sqmi}},<ref name="henares">{{cite web |title=Alcaldes del corredor del Henares conocerán el jueves el texto inicial del plan de ordenación |url=http://actualidad.terra.es/articulo/html/av2958727.htm |access-date=12 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309002359/http://actualidad.terra.es/articulo/html/av2958727.htm |archive-date=9 March 2008 |work=Terra Actualidad |publisher=[[Vocento]] |language=es |agency=[[Telefónica de España]], S.A.U.}}</ref> the [[Comarcas of Spain|comarca]] of [[La Sagra (Toledo)|la Sagra]] or the industrial zone of [[Sonseca]] are dramatically more dense than the region as a whole.

===Composition of population by age and sex===
The [[population pyramid]] of Castilla–La Mancha is typical for a developed region, with the central zone wider than the base or the upper zone. The population between 16 and 44 years of age represents about 44 percent, from 45 to 64 about 21.3 percent, with those 15 and under constituting 15 percent and those over 65, 18 percent. These data show the progressive aging of the ''castellanomanchego'' population.

The region has about 9,000 more males than females; in percentage terms, 50.3 percent versus 49.7 percent. This is opposite to Spain as a whole, where women constitute 50.8 percent of the population.

===Birth rate, death rate, life expectancy===
According to 2006 INE numbers, the [[birth rate]] in Castilla–La Mancha is 10.21 per thousand inhabitants, lower than the national average of 10.92 per thousand. The [[death rate]] is 8.83 per thousand inhabitants, higher than the national average of 8.42 per thousand.

[[Life expectancy]] at birth is one of the highest in Spain: 83.67 years for women and 77.99 years for men.

=== Foreign population ===
{|class="wikitable floatright"
|+ Foreign population by country of citizenship (2022)<ref name=ineextranjeros />
|-
! Nationality || Population
|-
| {{Flag|Romania}} || align = right | 60,132
|-
| {{Flag|Morocco}} || align = right | 40,470
|-
| {{Flag|Venezuela}}|| align="right" | 6,583
|-
| {{Flag|China}} || align = right | 6,048
|-
| {{Flag|Peru}}|| align="right" | 5,278
|-
| {{Flag|Bulgaria}}|| align="right" | 5,177
|-
| {{Flag|Ecuador}}|| align="right" | 4,221
|-
| {{Flag|Ukraine}}|| align="right" | 3,845
|-
| {{Flag|Paraguay}}|| align="right" | 3,649
|-
| {{Flag|Italy}}|| align="right" | 2,663
|}
As of 2022, the region had a foreign population of 193,475.<ref name="ineextranjeros">{{Cite web |title=Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año. |url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p08/l0/&file=02005.px&L=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426032350/http://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=%2Ft20%2Fe245%2Fp08%2Fl0%2F&file=02005.px&L=0 |archive-date=2019-04-26 |access-date=29 April 2025 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> Most of the foreigners had Romanian or Moroccan citizenship.<ref name=ineextranjeros />

{{Largest cities
| country = Castilla–La Mancha
| stat_ref = [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]] (1 January 2020)<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Economy (Spain)|Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital]]|url=https://ssweb.seap.minhap.es/REL/frontend/inicio/municipios/8/all|title=Datos del Registro de Entidades Locales|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>
| list_by_pop =
| kind        = municipalities
| div_name =
| div_link = Provinces of Spain{{!}}Province
| city_1 = Albacete
| div_1 = Province of Albacete{{!}}Albacete
| pop_1 = 174,336
| img_1 = Panel Bienvenidos a Albacete. Ciudad de la Cuchillería. Depósitos del Agua de la Fiesta del Árbol. Parque de la Fiesta del Árbol. Albacete.jpg
| city_2 = Guadalajara, Spain{{!}}Guadalajara
| div_2 = Province of Guadalajara{{!}}Guadalajara
| pop_2 = 87,484
| img_2 = Torreón de Álvarez Fáñez2.jpg
| city_3 = Toledo, Spain{{!}}Toledo
| div_3 = Province of Toledo{{!}}Toledo
| pop_3 = 85,811
| img_3 = Toledo (37737041515).jpg
| city_4 = Talavera de la Reina
| div_4 = Province of Toledo{{!}}Toledo
| pop_4 = 83,663
| img_4 = San Prudencio.jpg
| city_5 = Ciudad Real
| div_5 = Province of Ciudad Real{{!}}Ciudad Real
| pop_5 = 75,504
| img_5 = 
| city_6 = Cuenca, Spain{{!}}Cuenca
| div_6 = Province of Cuenca{{!}}Cuenca
| pop_6 = 54,621
| img_6 = 
| city_7 = Puertollano
| div_7 = Province of Ciudad Real{{!}}Ciudad Real
| pop_7 = 46,607
| img_7 = 
| city_8 = Tomelloso
| div_8 = Province of Ciudad Real{{!}}Ciudad Real
| pop_8 = 36,168
| img_8 = 
| city_9 = Azuqueca de Henares
| div_9 = Province of Guadalajara{{!}}Guadalajara
| pop_9 = 35,407
| img_9 = 
| city_10 = Alcázar de San Juan
| div_10 = Province of Ciudad Real{{!}}Ciudad Real
| pop_10 = 30,766
| img_10 = 
| city_11 = Valdepeñas
| div_11 = Province of Ciudad Real{{!}}Ciudad Real
| pop_11 = 30,252
| city_12 = Hellín
| div_12 = Province of Albacete{{!}}Albacete
| pop_12 = 30,200	
| city_13 = Illescas, Toledo{{!}}Illescas 
| div_13 = Province of Toledo{{!}}Toledo
| pop_13 = 29,558	
| city_14 = Seseña 
| div_14 = Province of Toledo{{!}}Toledo
| pop_14 = 27,066
| city_15 = Villarrobledo 
| div_15 = Province of Albacete{{!}}Albacete
| pop_15 = 25,116
| city_16 = Almansa
| div_16 = Province of Albacete{{!}}Albacete
| pop_16 = 24,511
| city_17 = Manzanares, Ciudad Real{{!}}Manzanares
| div_17 = Province of Ciudad Real{{!}}Ciudad Real
| pop_17 = 17,962
| city_18 = Daimiel
| div_18 = Province of Ciudad Real{{!}}Ciudad Real
| pop_18 = 17,916
| city_19 = La Roda
| div_19 = Province of Albacete{{!}}Albacete
| pop_19 = 15,527
| city_20 = Tarancón
| div_20 = Province of Cuenca{{!}}Cuenca
| pop_20 = 15,505
}}

=== Urban areas ===
The 2020 report on urban areas in Spain published by the [[Ministry of Public Works (Spain)|Ministry of Transports, Mobility and Urban Agenda]] identifies among the [[urban areas]] in the region (with population data referring to 2019) those of Albacete (173,329), Guadalajara (161,683), Toledo (123,509), Talavera de la Reina (94,028), Ciudad Real (90,114), Cuenca (54,690) and Puertollano (47,035).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apps.fomento.gob.es/CVP/handlers/pdfhandler.ashx?idpub=BAW080|publisher=[[Ministry of Public Works (Spain)|Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana]]|pages=33; 35–36|title=Áreas urbanas en España|year=2020|access-date=2021-06-02|archive-date=2023-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109064453/https://apps.fomento.gob.es/CVP/handlers/pdfhandler.ashx?idpub=BAW080|url-status=dead}}</ref>