Editing Brooklyn (section)

==Neighborhoods==
{{See also|List of Brooklyn neighborhoods|New York City ethnic enclaves}}
[[File:Greenpoint Houses.JPG|thumb|upright=1.15|right|Landmark 19th-century rowhouses on tree-lined Kent Street, in [[Greenpoint, Brooklyn|Greenpoint Historic District]]]]
[[File:Park Slope Houses.jpg|thumb|right|[[Park Slope, Brooklyn|Park Slope]]]]
[[File:Willow Street Brooklyn Heights 2006.jpg|right|thumb|150–159 Willow Street, three original red-brick early 19th-century [[Federal architecture|Federal Style]] houses in [[Brooklyn Heights]]]]
Brooklyn's neighborhoods are dynamic in ethnic composition. For example, the early to mid-20th century, [[Brownsville, Brooklyn|Brownsville]] had a majority of [[Jews in New York City|Jewish]] residents; since the 1970s it has been majority African American. [[Midwood, Brooklyn|Midwood]] during the early 20th century was filled with ethnic [[Irish American|Irish]], then filled with Jewish residents for nearly 50 years, and is slowly becoming a [[Pakistani Americans|Pakistani]] enclave. Brooklyn's most populous racial group, white, declined from 97.2% in 1930 to 46.9% by 1990.<ref name="Gibson2005">Gibson, Campbell; and Jung, Kay. [https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race, 1790 to 1990, and by Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, for Large Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |date=August 12, 2012 }}, [[United States Census Bureau]], February 2005. Retrieved November 19, 2016.</ref>

The borough attracts people previously living in other cities in the United States. Of these, most come from [[Chicago]], [[Detroit]], [[San Francisco]], [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Baltimore]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Boston]], [[Cincinnati]], and [[Seattle]].<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/27.html "African Americans", Encyclopedia of Chicago]. Retrieved March 1, 2008.</ref><ref>Gibson, Campbell (June 1998). [https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/twps0027.html Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved November 19, 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ritter |first=John |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-08-26-urban-blacks_N.htm |title=San Francisco Hopes to Reverse Black Flight |work=USA Today |date=August 28, 2007 |access-date=October 24, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/12/nyregion/12census.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070916082045/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/12/nyregion/12census.html |archive-date=September 16, 2007 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Census Shows More Black Residents Are Leaving New York and Other Cities|date=September 12, 2007|work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="US Census Bureau, California, racial breakdown">{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html |title=State & County QuickFacts: California |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=February 11, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091228054319/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html |archive-date=December 28, 2009 }}</ref><ref>Brooklyn Economic Development Corporation. Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy Report, 2002. [http://www.bedc.org/statistics/domestic_migration.htm www.bedc.org]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201022144/http://www.bedc.org/statistics/domestic_migration.htm |date=February 1, 2015 }}</ref><ref>Muhammad, Nisa Islam. [https://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/National_News_2/D_C_exodus_sparks_district_renewal_efforts_for_Whi_3633.shtml "D.C. 'exodus' sparks district renewal efforts for Whites"], ''[[The Final Call (newspaper)|The Final Call]]'', June 21, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2007.</ref>

===Community diversity===
[[File:Imatra Society's summer festival.jpg|thumb|[[Imatra Society]], consisting of [[Finnish Americans|Finnish immigrants]], celebrating its summer festival in [[Fort Hamilton|Fort Hamilton, Brooklyn]], in 1894]]
Given New York City's role as a crossroads for immigration from around the world, Brooklyn has evolved a globally [[cosmopolitanism|cosmopolitan]] ambiance of its own, demonstrating a robust and growing demographic and cultural diversity with respect to metrics including nationality, religion, race, and [[domestic partnership|domiciliary partnership]]. In 2010, 51.6% of the population was counted as members of religious congregations.<ref>This figure may be too small as members of historically African-American denominations were underrepresented due to incomplete information. {{cite web | title = County Membership Report Kings County (New York) | url = http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=36047&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh | website = The [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] | date = 2010 | access-date = January 1, 2020 | archive-date = July 27, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200727044309/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=36047&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2014, there were 914 religious organizations in Brooklyn, the 10th most of all counties in the nation.<ref>{{cite web | title = Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014 | url = https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 | website = PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development | date = December 8, 2017 | access-date = December 30, 2019 | archive-date = December 31, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191231001016/https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Brooklyn contains dozens of distinct neighborhoods representing many of the major culturally identified groups found within New York City. Among the most prominent are listed below:

====Jewish American====
[[File:Hasidic Family in Street - Borough Park - Hasidic District - Brooklyn.jpg|thumb|The world's largest metropolitan [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic Jewish]] community resides in Brooklyn.]]
{{main|Jews in New York City}}
Over 600,000 [[Jews]], particularly [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] and [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic Jews]], have become concentrated in such historically Jewish areas as [[Borough Park, Brooklyn|Borough Park]], [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn|Williamsburg]], and [[Midwood, Brooklyn|Midwood]], where there are many [[yeshiva]]s, [[synagogue]]s, and [[kosher]] restaurants, as well as a variety of Jewish businesses. Adjacent to Borough Park, the [[Kensington, Brooklyn|Kensington]] area housed a significant population of [[Conservative Judaism|Conservative Jews]] (under the aegis of such nationally prominent midcentury rabbis as [[Jacob Bosniak]] and Abraham Heller)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/01/archives/abraham-heller-rabbi-dies-at-76-conservative-led-flatbush-jewish.html |title=Abraham Heller, Rabbi. Dies at 76 |work=The New York Times |date=March 1, 1975 |page=28 |access-date=December 12, 2023}}</ref> when it was still considered to be a subsection of Flatbush; many of their defunct facilities have been repurposed to serve extensions of the Borough Park Hasidic community. Other notable religious Jewish neighborhoods with a longstanding cultural lineage include [[Canarsie, Brooklyn|Canarsie]], [[Sea Gate, Brooklyn|Sea Gate]], and [[Crown Heights, Brooklyn|Crown Heights]], home to the [[Chabad]] world headquarters. Neighborhoods with largely defunct yet historically notable Jewish populations include central Flatbush, East Flatbush, Brownsville, East New York, Bensonhurst and Sheepshead Bay (particularly its Madison subsection). Many hospitals in Brooklyn were started by Jewish charities, including [[Maimonides Medical Center]] in Borough Park and Brookdale Hospital in East Flatbush.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maimonidesmed.org/Main/Public/WeSpeakYourLanguage.aspx |title=We Speak Your Language |work=maimonidesmed.org |access-date=May 16, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518094656/http://www.maimonidesmed.org/Main/Public/WeSpeakYourLanguage.aspx |archive-date=May 18, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/11/nyregion/thecity/11hosp.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511093518/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/11/nyregion/thecity/11hosp.html |archive-date=May 11, 2008 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title='Scrubs' Near the D Train|date=May 11, 2008|work=The New York Times}}</ref>

According to the American Jewish Population Project in 2020, Brooklyn was home to over 480,000 Jews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=US Jewish Population Estimates 2020 - American Jewish Population Project |url=https://ajpp.brandeis.edu/us_jewish_population_2020 |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=ajpp.brandeis.edu}}</ref> In 2023, the [[UJA-Federation of New York]] estimated that Brooklyn is home to 462,000 Jews, a large decrease compared to the 561,000 estimated in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gergely |first=Julia |date=2024-05-09 |title=Nearly 1 million Jews live in NYC, new study finds |url=https://www.jta.org/2024/05/09/ny/nearly-1-million-jews-live-in-nyc-new-study-finds |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref>

The predominantly Jewish, Crown Heights (and later East Flatbush)-based Madison Democratic Club served as the borough's primary "clubhouse" political venue for decades until the ascendancy of [[Meade Esposito]]'s rival, Canarsie-based Thomas Jefferson Democratic Club in the 1960s and 1970s, playing an integral role in the rise of such figures as [[Speaker of the New York State Assembly]] [[Irwin Steingut]]; his son, fellow Speaker [[Stanley Steingut]]; [[New York City Mayor]] [[Abraham Beame]]; real estate developer [[Fred Trump]]; Democratic district leader Beadie Markowitz; and political fixer Abraham "Bunny" Lindenbaum.

Many non-Orthodox Jews (ranging from observant members of various denominations to [[Atheism|atheists]] of Jewish cultural heritage) are concentrated in [[Ditmas Park, Brooklyn|Ditmas Park]] and [[Park Slope, Brooklyn|Park Slope]], with smaller observant and culturally Jewish populations in Brooklyn Heights, Cobble Hill, Brighton Beach, and Coney Island.

====Chinese American====
[[File:Brooklyn_Chinatown.png|thumb|[[Eighth Avenue (Brooklyn)#Chinatown|8th Avenue]] in Brooklyn's [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn|Sunset Park]] Chinatown]]
{{main|Chinatowns in Brooklyn|Chinese people in New York City}}
Over 200,000 [[Chinese people in New York City|Chinese Americans]] live throughout the southern parts of Brooklyn, primarily concentrated in [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn|Sunset Park]], [[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn|Bensonhurst]], [[Gravesend, Brooklyn|Gravesend]], and [[Homecrest, Brooklyn|Homecrest]]. Brooklyn is the borough that is home to the highest number of [[Chinatowns in the Americas#New York City|Chinatowns in New York City]]. The largest concentration is in Sunset Park along 8th Avenue, which has become known for its [[Culture of China|Chinese culture]] since the opening of the now-defunct Winley Supermarket in 1986 spurred widespread settlement in the area. It is called [[Chinatowns in Brooklyn|"Brooklyn's Chinatown"]] and originally it was a small Chinese enclave with [[Cantonese]] speakers being the main [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] population during the late 1980s and 1990s, but since the 2000s, the Chinese population in the area dramatically shifted to majority [[Fuzhounese Americans]], which contributed immensely to expanding this Chinatown, and bestowing the nicknames "[[Chinatowns in Brooklyn#Fuzhou Town, Brooklyn|Fuzhou Town]] ({{lang|zh|福州埠}}), Brooklyn" or the "[[Little Fuzhou]] ({{lang|zh|小福州}})" of Brooklyn. Many [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese restaurants]] can be found throughout Sunset Park, and the area hosts a popular [[Chinese New Year]] celebration. Since the 2000s going forward, the growing concentration of the Cantonese speaking population in Brooklyn have dramatically shifted to Bensonhurst/Gravesend and Homecrest creating newer Chinatowns of Brooklyn and these newer Brooklyn Chinatowns are known as "Brooklyn's Little Hong Kong/Guangdong" due to their Chinese populations being overwhelmingly Cantonese populated.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tuder|first=Stefanie|date=February 25, 2019|title=Believe It or Not, New York City Has Nine Chinatowns|url=https://ny.eater.com/2019/2/25/18236523/chinatowns-restaurants-elmhurst-homecrest-bensonhurst-east-village-little-neck-forest-hills-nyc|url-status=live|website=[[Eater (website)|Eater]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226081349/https://ny.eater.com/2019/2/25/18236523/chinatowns-restaurants-elmhurst-homecrest-bensonhurst-east-village-little-neck-forest-hills-nyc |archive-date=February 26, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Robbins|first=Liz|date=April 15, 2015|title=With an Influx of Newcomers, Little Chinatowns Dot a Changing Brooklyn|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/16/nyregion/influx-of-chinese-immigrants-is-reshaping-large-parts-of-brooklyn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416111153/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/16/nyregion/influx-of-chinese-immigrants-is-reshaping-large-parts-of-brooklyn.html |archive-date=April 16, 2015 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

====Caribbean and African American====
{{main|Caribbean immigration to New York City}}
[[File:West Indian Day Parade 2008.jpg|thumb|The [[West Indian Day Parade]] marching by the [[Brooklyn Museum]]]]
Brooklyn's [[African Americans|African American]] and [[Caribbean people|Caribbean]] communities are spread throughout much of Brooklyn. Brooklyn's [[West Indian]] community is concentrated in the Crown Heights, Flatbush, [[East Flatbush, Brooklyn|East Flatbush]], Kensington, and Canarsie neighborhoods in central Brooklyn. Brooklyn is home to the largest community of West Indians outside of the Caribbean. Although the largest West Indian groups in Brooklyn are [[Jamaican American|Jamaicans]], [[Guyanese Americans|Guyanese]] and [[Haitian Americans|Haitians]], there are [[West Indian Americans|West Indian immigrants]] from nearly every part of the Caribbean. Crown Heights and Flatbush are home to many of Brooklyn's West Indian restaurants and bakeries. Brooklyn has an annual, celebrated Carnival in the tradition of pre-Lenten celebrations in the islands.<ref>Holger Henke, "The West Indian Americans," Greenwood Press: Westport (CT) 2001</ref> Started by natives of [[Trinidad and Tobago]], the [[West Indian Day Parade|West Indian Labor Day Parade]] takes place every Labor Day on [[Eastern Parkway]]. The [[Brooklyn Academy of Music]] also holds the [[DanceAfrica]] festival in late May, featuring street vendors and dance performances showcasing food and culture from all parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://donyc.com/events/2019/5/25/danceafrica-2019-bazaar|website=donyc.com|title=DanceAfrica 2019 Bazaar in New York at Brooklyn Academy of Music|access-date=May 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/23/arts/dance/danceafrica-bam.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523210635/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/23/arts/dance/danceafrica-bam.html |archive-date=May 23, 2019 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|date=May 23, 2019|first=Gia|last=Kourlas|title=DanceAfrica Celebrates Rwanda and a 'Living Sense of Grace'|access-date=May 26, 2020|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Since the opening of the [[IND Fulton Street Line]] in 1936, [[Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn|Bedford-Stuyvesant]] has been home to one of the most famous African American communities in the United States. Working-class communities remain prevalent in [[Brownsville, Brooklyn|Brownsville]], [[East New York, Brooklyn|East New York]] and [[Coney Island, Brooklyn|Coney Island]], while remnants of similar communities in [[Prospect Heights, Brooklyn|Prospect Heights]], [[Fort Greene, Brooklyn|Fort Greene]] and [[Clinton Hill, Brooklyn|Clinton Hill]] have endured amid widespread gentrification.

====Hispanic American====
{{further|Puerto Ricans in New York City|Nuyorican}}
In the aftermath of [[World War II]] and subsequent [[urban renewal]] initiatives that decimated longtime Manhattan enclaves (most notably on the [[Upper West Side]]), Puerto Rican migrants began to settle in such waterfront industrial neighborhoods as [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn|Sunset Park]], [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]] and [[Gowanus, Brooklyn|Gowanus]], near the shipyards and factories where they worked. The borough's Hispanic population diversified after the 1965 [[Hart-Cellar Act]] loosened restrictions on immigration from elsewhere in Latin America.

[[Bushwick, Brooklyn|Bushwick]] has since emerged as the largest hub of Brooklyn's [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic American]] community. Like other Hispanic neighborhoods in New York City, Bushwick has an established [[Stateside Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] presence, along with an influx of many [[Dominican Americans|Dominicans]], [[South America]]ns, [[Central America]]ns and [[Mexican Americans|Mexicans]]. As nearly 80% of Bushwick's population is Hispanic, its residents have created many businesses to support their various national and distinct traditions in food and other items. Sunset Park's population is 42% Hispanic, made up of these various ethnic groups. Brooklyn's main Hispanic groups are Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, Dominicans and [[Ecuadorian Americans|Ecuadorians]]; they are spread out throughout the borough. Puerto Ricans and Dominicans are predominant in Bushwick, [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn|Williamsburg]]'s South Side and East New York. Mexicans (especially from the state of [[Puebla]]) now predominate alongside Chinese immigrants in Sunset Park, although remnants of the neighborhood's once-substantial postwar Puerto Rican and Dominican communities continue to reside below 39th Street. Save for Red Hook (which remained roughly one-fifth Hispanic American as of the 2010 Census), the South Side and Sunset Park, similar postwar communities in other waterfront neighborhoods—including western Park Slope, the north end of Greenpoint,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://greenpointers.com/2018/11/02/puerto-ricans-vibrant-history-in-north-brooklyn/|title=Puerto Ricans' Vibrant History in North Brooklyn|date=November 2, 2018|website=Greenpointers}}</ref> and [[Boerum Hill]], long considered the northern subsection of Gowanus—largely disappeared by the turn of the century due to various factors, including deindustrialization, ensuing gentrification and suburbanization among more affluent Dominicans and Puerto Ricans. A Panamanian enclave exists in [[Crown Heights, Brooklyn|Crown Heights]].

====Russian and Ukrainian American====
{{main|Russian Americans in New York City}}
Brooklyn is also home to many [[Russians]] and [[Ukrainians]], who are mainly concentrated in the areas of [[Brighton Beach, Brooklyn|Brighton Beach]] and [[Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn|Sheepshead Bay]]. Brighton Beach features many Russian and Ukrainian businesses and has been nicknamed ''[[Russian Americans in New York City#Russiantownscape|Little Russia]]'' and ''Little [[Odessa]]'', respectively. In the 1970s, [[Soviet Jewry Movement|Soviet Jews won the right to immigrate]], and many ended up in Brighton Beach. In recent years, the non-Jewish Russian and Ukrainian communities of Brighton Beach have grown, and the area is now home to a diverse collection of immigrants from across the [[Post-Soviet States|former USSR]]. Smaller concentrations of Russian and Ukrainian Americans are scattered elsewhere in south Brooklyn, including Bay Ridge, Bensonhurst, Homecrest, Coney Island, and [[Mill Basin, Brooklyn|Mill Basin]]. A growing community of [[Uzbek Americans]] have settled alongside them in recent years due to their ability to speak [[Russian language|Russian]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kordunsky |first1=Anna |title=Changing Face of Brighton Beach |url=https://forward.com/news/162963/changing-face-of-brighton-beach/ |website=Forward |date=September 17, 2012 |access-date=August 16, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lopez |first1=Joseph |title=Inside the Brooklyn Uzbek Community |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2015/11/isis-brooklyn-uzbeks.html |website=NY Magazine |date=November 5, 2015 |access-date=August 16, 2021}}</ref>

====Polish American====
Brooklyn's [[Polish-Americans|Polish]] inhabitants are historically concentrated in [[Greenpoint, Brooklyn|Greenpoint]], home to [[Little Poland, Brooklyn|Little Poland]]. Other longstanding settlements in [[Borough Park, Brooklyn|Borough Park]] and [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn|Sunset Park]] have endured, while more recent immigrants are scattered throughout the southern parts of Brooklyn alongside the Russian and Ukrainian American communities.

====Italian American====
{{main|Italians in New York City}}
Despite widespread migration to [[Staten Island]] and more suburban areas in metropolitan New York throughout the postwar era, notable concentrations of [[Italian Americans]] continue to reside in the neighborhoods of [[Bensonhurst]], [[Dyker Heights, Brooklyn|Dyker Heights]], [[Bay Ridge, Brooklyn|Bay Ridge]], [[Bath Beach, Brooklyn|Bath Beach]] and [[Gravesend, Brooklyn|Gravesend]]. Less perceptible remnants of older communities have persisted in [[Cobble Hill, Brooklyn|Cobble Hill]] and [[Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn|Carroll Gardens]], where the homes of the remaining Italian Americans can often be contrasted with more recent [[upper middle class]] residents through the display of small [[Madonna (art)|Madonna]] statues, the retention of plastic-metal stoop awnings and the use of [[Formstone]] in house cladding. All of the aforementioned neighborhoods have retained Italian restaurants, bakeries, delicatessens, pizzerias, cafes and social clubs.

====Arab American & Muslim ====
In the early 20th century, many [[Christianity in Lebanon|Lebanese]] and [[Christianity in Syria|Syrian Christians]] settled around [[Atlantic Avenue (New York City)|Atlantic Avenue]] west of [[Flatbush Avenue]] in [[Boerum Hill]]; more recently, this area has evolved into a Yemeni commercial district.
More recent, predominantly [[Muslims|Muslim]] [[Arab Americans|Arab immigrants]], especially [[Egyptians]] and [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]], have moved into the southwest portion of Brooklyn, particularly to [[Bay Ridge, Brooklyn|Bay Ridge]], where many Middle Eastern restaurants, hookah lounges, halal grocers, Islamic shops and mosques line the commercial thoroughfares of Fifth and Third Avenues below 86th Street. Brighton Beach is home to a growing [[Pakistani Americans|Pakistani American]] community, while Midwood is home to ''Little [[Pakistan]]'' along [[Coney Island Avenue]] (recently co-named [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] Way). Pakistani Independence Day is celebrated every year with parades and parties on Coney Island Avenue. Just to the north, Kensington is one of New York's several emerging [[Bangladeshi Americans|Bangladeshi]] enclaves.

====Irish American====
Third-, fourth- and fifth-generation [[Irish Americans]] can be found throughout Brooklyn, with moderate concentrations{{Clarify|reason=vague|date=January 2018}} enduring in the neighborhoods of [[Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn|Windsor Terrace]], [[Park Slope, Brooklyn|Park Slope]], [[Bay Ridge, Brooklyn|Bay Ridge]], [[Marine Park, Brooklyn|Marine Park]] and [[Gerritsen Beach, Brooklyn|Gerritsen Beach]]. Historical communities also existed in [[Vinegar Hill, Brooklyn|Vinegar Hill]] and other waterfront industrial neighborhoods, such as Greenpoint and Sunset Park. Paralleling the Italian American community, many moved to Staten Island and suburban areas in the postwar era. Those that stayed engendered close-knit, stable working-to-middle class communities through employment in the civil service (especially in law enforcement, transportation, and the [[New York City Fire Department]]) and the building and construction trades, while others were subsumed by the [[professional-managerial class]] and largely shed the Irish American community's distinct cultural traditions (including continued worship in the [[Catholic Church]] and other social activities, such as [[Irish stepdance]] and frequenting Irish American bars).{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}

====South Asian American====
While not as extensive as the [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan area#New York City boroughs|Indian American]] population in [[Hindu Temple Society of North America|Queens]], younger professionals of [[Asian Americans|Asian Indian]] origin are finding Brooklyn to be a convenient alternative to Manhattan to find housing. Nearly 30,000 
Indian Americans call Brooklyn home.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Brighton Beach is home to a growing [[Pakistani Americans|Pakistani American]] community, while Midwood is home to [[Little Pakistan]] along [[Coney Island Avenue]] recently renamed [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] way. [[Pakistan Independence Day]] is celebrated every year with parades and parties on Coney Island Avenue.
Just to the north, [[Kensington, Brooklyn|Kensington]] is one of New York's several emerging [[Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]] enclaves.

====Greek American====
Brooklyn's [[Greek Americans]] live throughout the borough. A historical concentration has endured in Bay Ridge and adjacent areas, where there is a noticeable cluster of Hellenic-focused schools, businesses and cultural institutions. Other businesses are situated in Downtown Brooklyn near Atlantic Avenue. As in much of the [[New York metropolitan area]], Greek-owned diners are found throughout the borough.

====LGBTQ community====
{{main|LGBT culture in New York City#Brooklyn}}
Brooklyn is home to a large and growing number of same-sex couples. [[Same-sex marriage in New York|Same-sex marriages in New York]] were legalized on June 24, 2011, and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626145358/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html |archive-date=June 26, 2011 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law|author1=Nicholas Confessore |author2=Michael Barbaro |name-list-style=amp |work=The New York Times|date=June 24, 2011|access-date=September 4, 2016}}</ref> The [[Park Slope, Brooklyn|Park Slope]] neighborhood spearheaded the popularity of Brooklyn among lesbians, and [[Prospect Heights, Brooklyn|Prospect Heights]] has an LGBT residential presence.<ref name="RosenbergDunfordp379">Rosenberg, Andrew and Martin Dunford. ''The Rough Guide to New York''. [[Penguin Books]], January 1, 2011. {{ISBN|184836590X}}, 9781848365902. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mZ0z8ZSwQ-sC&pg=PA379 379].</ref> Numerous neighborhoods have since become home to LGBT communities. Brooklyn Liberation March, the largest [[transgender rights|transgender-rights]] demonstration in LGBTQ history, took place on June 14, 2020, stretching from [[Grand Army Plaza]] to [[Fort Greene, Brooklyn|Fort Greene]], focused on supporting Black transgender lives, drawing an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 participants.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/nyregion/brooklyn-black-trans-parade.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616023003/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/nyregion/brooklyn-black-trans-parade.html |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=How a March for Black Trans Lives Became a Huge Event|author=Anushka Patil|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 15, 2020|access-date=June 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/shannonkeating/pride-protest-black-trans-rally-brooklyn-liberation-lgbtq|title=Corporate Pride Events Can't Happen This Year. Let's Keep It That Way|author=Shannon Keating|website=[[BuzzFeed News]]|date=June 6, 2020|access-date=June 28, 2020}}</ref>

====Artists-in-residence====
Brooklyn became a preferred site for artists and [[hipster (contemporary subculture)|hipsters]] to set up live/work spaces after being priced out of the same types of living arrangements in Manhattan. Various neighborhoods in Brooklyn, including Williamsburg, [[Dumbo, Brooklyn|DUMBO]], [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]], and Park Slope evolved as popular neighborhoods for [[artists-in-residence]]. However, rents and costs of living have since increased dramatically in these same neighborhoods, forcing artists to move to somewhat less expensive neighborhoods in Brooklyn or across Upper New York Bay to locales in New Jersey, such as [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]] or [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/realestate/moving-out-of-brooklyn-because-of-high-prices.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824173221/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/24/realestate/moving-out-of-brooklyn-because-of-high-prices.html |archive-date=August 24, 2014 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Life After Brooklyn – Moving Out of Brooklyn Because of High Prices|author=Michelle Higgins|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 22, 2014|access-date=August 24, 2016}}</ref>