Editing Botanical garden (section)

==== Temperate ====

[[File:Castle Rock from Kirstenbosch.jpg|thumb|Part of [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden]], with native [[protea]] flowers in the foreground, and Castle Rock in the background]]

The first botanical gardens in [[Australia]] were founded early in the 19th century. The [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney]], 1816; the [[Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens]], 1818; the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne]], 1845; [[Adelaide Botanic Gardens]], 1854; and [[City Botanic Gardens|Brisbane Botanic Gardens]], 1855. These were established essentially as [[Colonial Revival garden|colonial gardens]] of economic botany and acclimatisation.<ref>Looker in {{Harvnb|Aitken|Looker|2002|p=98}}</ref>

South Africa has 10 national-level botanical gardens, all overseen by the [[South African National Biodiversity Institute]].<ref>{{cite web |title=National botanical gardens include Kirstenbosch, Harold Porter, Walter Sisulu, Pretoria, Lowveld, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal; local botanical gardens include Johannesburg and Durban |url=https://www.southafrica.net/gl/en/travel/article/south-africa-s-botanical-gardens |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.southafrica.net}}</ref> The oldest in South Africa is the 1851 [[Durban Botanic Gardens]]. The [[Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden]] is the most famous and developed garden in the country, established in 1913, on a site dating to 1848. It covers 36 [[hectare]]s, with an additional 528 hectares of mountainside wilderness forming part of the garden.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Cape Town |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/kirstenbosch-national-botanical-gardens-cape-town |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref> [[Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden]] is South Africa's oldest university botanical garden;<ref>{{cite web |title=Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden |url=http://www.sun.ac.za/english/entities/botanical-garden/Pages/default.aspx |publisher=Stellenbosch University |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> it was established in 1922. Also in the country is the [[Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden]], founded in 1921 and relocated in 1945.<ref>{{cite web |title=Karoo Desert: History |url=https://www.sanbi.org/gardens/karoo-desert/history/ |publisher=South African National Biodiversity Institute |access-date=2 February 2025}}</ref> Elsewhere in Africa, [[Orman Garden]] at [[Giza]] in [[Egypt]] was founded in 1875.<ref>{{cite web |title=Orman Botanic Garden |url=https://gardensearch.bgci.org/garden/606 |publisher=Botanic Gardens Conservation International |access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref>

[[File:Palm greenhouse (exterior).JPG|thumb|The [[palm house]] of the [[Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden]], founded in 1714 ]]

Presidents [[George Washington]], [[Thomas Jefferson]] and [[James Madison]], all experienced farmers, shared the dream of a national botanic garden, leading to the founding in 1820 of the [[United States Botanic Garden]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usbg.gov/brief-history-us-botanic-garden |title=Brief History of the U.S. Botanic Garden |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=usbg.gov |publisher=United States Botanic Garden |access-date=10 June 2013}}</ref> next to the [[United States Capitol|Capitol]] in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]]. In 1859, the [[Missouri Botanical Garden]] was founded at [[St Louis, Missouri]]; it is one of the world's leading gardens specializing in tropical plants.<ref name=h3/> 

[[Russia]]'s botanical gardens include [[:ru:Аптекарский огород|Moscow University Botanic Garden ('the Apothecary Garden'), (1706)]] founded by Tsar [[Peter the Great]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Aptekarsky Ogorod |url=https://www.gardenvisit.com/gardens/aptekarsky_ogorod |website=Gardenvisit.com |access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref> and the [[Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden]], (1714).{{sfn|Desmond|1994|p=284}}