Editing Blue (section)

===Animals===
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Morpho didius Male Dos MHNT.jpg|[[Morpho butterfly]]
File:Indigo Bunting by Dan Pancamo 4.jpg|[[Indigo bunting]]s have iridescent feathers.
File:Mandrill-k-means.png|Blue facial ridges of [[mandrill]]
File:2009-03-29Dendrobates tinctorius azureus106.jpg|[[Blue poison dart frog]]
File:Synchiropus splendidus 2 Luc Viatour cropped.png|The [[Synchiropus splendidus|mandarin fish]] is one of few animal species with blue pigment
</gallery>
Blue-pigmented animals are relatively rare.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Umbers |first=Kate D. L. |year=2013 |title=On the Perception, Production and Function of Blue Colouration in Animals |journal=Journal of Zoology |volume=289 |issue=4 |pages=229–242 |doi=10.1111/jzo.12001|doi-access=free }}</ref> Examples of which include butterflies of the genus ''[[Nessaea]]'', where blue is created by [[pterobilin]].<ref name="Vane-Wright">{{Cite journal |last=Vane-Wright |first=Richard I. |date=22 February 1979 |title=The coloration, identification and phylogeny of ''Nessaea'' butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279190422 |journal=Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) |series=Entomology Series |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=27–56 |access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref> Other blue pigments of animal origin include phorcabilin, used by other butterflies in ''[[Graphium (butterfly)|Graphium]]'' and ''[[Papilio]]'' (specifically ''[[Papilio phorcas|P. phorcas]]'' and ''[[Papilio weiskei|P. weiskei]]''), and sarpedobilin, which is used by ''[[Graphium sarpedon]]''.<ref name="Simonis">{{Cite book |last1=Simonis |first1=Priscilla |title=Photonic Crystals - Introduction, Applications and Theory |last2=Serge |first2=Berthier |date=30 March 2012 |publisher=InTech |isbn=978-953-51-0431-5 |editor-last=Massaro |editor-first=Alessandro |language=English |chapter=Chapter number 1 How Nature produces blue color |access-date=8 February 2018 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258042644}}</ref> Blue-pigmented [[organelles]], known as "cyanosomes", exist in the [[chromatophore]]s of at least two fish species, the [[Synchiropus splendidus|mandarin fish]] and the [[picturesque dragonet]].<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Goda, Makoto |author2=Fujii, Ryozo |year=1995 |title=Blue Chromatophores in Two Species of Callionymid Fish |journal=Zoological Science |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=811–813 |doi=10.2108/zsj.12.811 |s2cid=86385679|doi-access=free }}</ref> More commonly, blueness in animals is a [[structural color|structural colouration]]; an optical interference effect induced by organized nanometre-sized scales or fibres. Examples include the plumage of several birds like the [[blue jay]] and [[indigo bunting]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2015 |title=How Birds Make Colorful Feathers |url=https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/how-birds-make-colorful-feathers/}}</ref> the scales of butterflies like the [[morpho butterfly]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Potyrailo |first1=Radislav A. |last2=Bonam |first2=Ravi K. |last3=Hartley |first3=John G. |last4=Starkey |first4=Timothy A. |last5=Vukusic |first5=Peter |last6=Vasudev |first6=Milana |last7=Bunning |first7=Timothy |last8=Naik |first8=Rajesh R. |last9=Tang |first9=Zhexiong |last10=Palacios |first10=Manuel A. |last11=Larsen |first11=Michael |year=2015 |title=Towards outperforming conventional sensor arrays with fabricated individual photonic vapour sensors inspired by ''Morpho'' butterflies |journal=Nature Communications |volume=6 |page=7959 |bibcode=2015NatCo...6.7959P |doi=10.1038/ncomms8959 |pmc=4569698 |pmid=26324320 |last12=Le Tarte |first12=Laurie A. |last13=Grande |first13=James C. |last14=Zhong |first14=Sheng |last15=Deng |first15=Tao}}</ref> [[collagen]] fibres in the skin of some species of monkey and [[opossum]],<ref name="Prum2004">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Prum RO, Torres RH |date=May 2004 |title=Structural Colouration of Mammalian Skin: Convergent Evolution of Coherently Scattering Dermal Collagen Arrays |url=http://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/12/2157.full.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://jeb.biologists.org/content/207/12/2157.full.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=207 |issue=Pt 12 |pages=2157–2172 |doi=10.1242/jeb.00989 |pmid=15143148 |bibcode=2004JExpB.207.2157P |hdl=1808/1599 |s2cid=8268610}}</ref> and the [[Chromatophore#Iridophores and leucophores|iridophore]] cells in some fish and frogs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ariel Rodríguez |last2=Nicholas I. Mundy |last3=Roberto Ibáñez |last4=Heike Pröhl |year=2020 |title=Being red, blue and green: the genetic basis of coloration differences in the strawberry poison frog (''Oophaga pumilio'') |journal=BMC Genomics |volume=21 |issue=1 |page=301 |doi=10.1186/s12864-020-6719-5 |pmc=7158012 |pmid=32293261 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Makoto Goda |last2=Ryozo Fujii |year=1998 |title=The Blue Coloration of the Common Surgeonfish, Paracanthurus hepatus—II. Color Revelation and Color Changes |journal=Zoological Science |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=323–333 |doi=10.2108/zsj.15.323 |pmid=18465994 |s2cid=5860272|doi-access=free }}</ref>