Editing Art colony (section)

==== California ====
[[File:Carmel Arts & Crafts Hall, 1907.jpg|left|thumb|[[Carmel Arts and Crafts Club]] Hall in 1907 California.]]

[[James Franklin Devendorf]] was one of the founders of the [[Carmel Arts and Crafts Club]] to support artistic works.<ref name="Seavey">{{cite book|last= Seavey |first= Kent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsfoKsxi4q4C&q=Devendorf |title=Carmel, A History in Architecture|publisher=Arcadia Pub. |place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=2007|pages=7, 34–39, 45|isbn= 9780738547053 |access-date=2022-01-16 }}</ref><ref name="Hale">{{cite book|last= Hale|first=Sharron Lee |url=https://archive.org/details/tributetoyesterd0000hale/page/20/mode/2up?q=%22M.+J.+Murphy%22 |title=A tribute to yesterday: The history of Carmel, Carmel Valley, Big Sur, Point Lobos, Carmelite Monastery, and Los Burros |publisher=Valley Publishers |place=Santa Cruz, California |date=1980|page=20|access-date=2022-01-18}}</ref> The artists at [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]] coalesced in 1905 and incorporated their art gallery and meeting rooms a year later as the Carmel Arts and Crafts Club. They staged annual and special exhibitions, which attracted distinguished visiting artists from across the country, and provided professional instruction in painting, sculpture, and crafts. At the urging of his former student [[Jennie V. Cannon]], [[William Merritt Chase]] was persuaded to teach his last summer school here in 1914. Between 1919 and ca.1948 it was the largest art colony on the Pacific Coast of the United States. In 1927, the [[Carmel Art Association]] replaced the Arts and Crafts Club and thrives today as the nexus of for the art community on the Peninsula of [[Monterey, California]] and [[Big Sur]]. The Carmel Art Institute was established in 1938, and included among its  instructors [[Armin Hansen]] and [[Paul Dougherty (artist)|Paul Dougherty]].<ref name="edwards">{{cite book|last1=Edwards|first1=Robert W.| title=Jennie V. Cannon: The Untold History of the Carmel and Berkeley Art Colonies, Vol. 1|date=2012|publisher=East Bay Heritage Project| location=Oakland, Calif.| isbn=9781467545679|pages=47–105, 132–150, 177–236}} An online facsimile of all of Vol. 1 is posted at the [http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/10aa/10aa557.htm Traditional Fine Arts Organization] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429115613/http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/10aa/10aa557.htm |date=April 29, 2016 }}.</ref> [[John James Cunningham|John Cunningham]] began at the Institute when he helped teach a painting class for Hansen when he fell ill. In 1940, Hansen and the Whitman transferred ownership of the institute to Cunningham and his wife.<ref name="Institute">{{cite web|url=http://carmelartinstitute.com/|title=Carmel Art Institute|work=Carmel Art Institute|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=|pages=|access-date=2023-08-12}}</ref>