Editing Arabs (section)

== Subgroups ==
{{Further|Tribes of Arabia|Arab migrations to the Maghreb|Arab migrations to the Levant}}
[[File:Early_Islamic_Syria,_ca._640s.png|thumb|upright=1.1|The Yaman tribes, including the Banu Kalb, Ghassan, Judham and Tanukh, largely inhabited the districts of [[Jund Filastin|Filastin]], [[Jund al-Urdunn|al-Urdunn]] and [[Jund Hims|Hims]], while the Qays inhabited [[Upper Mesopotamia|al-Jazirah]], the [[Al-Awasim|Byzantine frontier]] and [[Jund Qinnasrin|Qinnasrin]].]]
Arab tribes are prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, Mesopotamia, Levant, Egypt, Maghreb, the Sudan region and Horn Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 October 2021|title=ص204 – كتاب الأعلام للزركلي – يعلى بن أمية – المكتبة الشاملة الحديثة|url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/12286/7605|website=maktaba.org|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002101301/https://al-maktaba.org/book/12286/7605|archive-date=2 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="Imagining the Arabs : Arab identity and the rise of Islam">{{Cite book|last=Webb|first=Peter|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/964933606|title=Imagining the Arabs : Arab identity and the rise of Islam|date=2016|isbn=978-1474408271|location=Edinburgh, UK|oclc=964933606}}</ref><ref>* {{cite book|last=Hourani|first=Albert|title=A history of the Arab peoples|date=2010|publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674058194|edition=1st Harvard Press paperback|location=Cambridge, Mass.}}
* {{Cite web|title=History of Migration|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=bbv|access-date=18 December 2017|website=Historyworld.net}}
* Power, Bethany G. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160903042434/http://people.umass.edu/educ613/WorldhistoryI/WHI.3.html The Emergence and Expansion of Islam to 1500]." ''Education 613: MTEL Guide''. [[University of Massachusetts]]. Archived from the [http://people.umass.edu/educ613/WorldhistoryI/WHI.3.html original] on 3 September 2016.
* {{cite web|title=History of the Arabs (book)|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=ebh|access-date=18 December 2017|website=Historyworld.net}}</ref>

The Arabs of the [[Levant]] are traditionally divided into [[Qays and Yaman tribes]]. The distinction between Qays and Yaman dates back to the pre-Islamic era and was based on tribal affiliations and geographic locations.; they include [[Banu Kalb]], [[Kinda (tribe)|Kinda]], [[Ghassanids]], and [[Lakhmids]].<ref>Hugh Kennedy ''The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State'' p. 33 Routledge, 2013 {{ISBN|1134531133}}</ref> The Qays were made up of tribes such as [[Banu Kilab]], [[Tayy|Banu Tayy]], [[Banu Hanifa]], and [[Banu Tamim]], among others. The Yaman, on the other hand, were composed of tribes such as [[Banu Hashim]], [[Banu Makhzum]], [[Umayyad dynasty|Banu Umayya]], and [[Banu Zuhrah|Banu Zuhra]], among others.

There are also many Arab tribes indigenous to Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Iran, including from well before the [[Arab conquest of Persia]] in 633 CE.<ref name="IranicaDaniel2">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Arab settlements in Iran|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arab-iii|access-date=9 April 2011|last=Daniel|first=E. L.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429164853/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/arab-iii|archive-date=29 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The largest group of [[Iranian Arabs]] are the [[Ahwazi Arabs]], including [[Banu Ka'b]], [[Bani Turuf]] and the [[Musha'sha'iyyah]] sect. Smaller groups are the [[Khamseh]] nomads in [[Fars province]] and the [[Arabs in Khorasan]].
As a result of the centuries-long [[Arab migration to the Maghreb]], various Arab tribes (including [[Banu Hilal]], [[Banu Sulaym]] and [[Maqil]]) also settled in the Maghreb and formed the sub-tribes which exist to present-day. The [[Banu Hilal]] spent almost a century in [[Egypt]] before moving to [[Libya]], [[Tunisia]] and [[Algeria]], and another century later moved to [[Morocco]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Clio|title=François Decret, Les invasions hilaliennes en Ifrîqiya – Clio – Voyage Culturel|url=https://www.clio.fr/BIBLIOTHEQUE/les_invasions_hilaliennes_en_ifriqiya.asp|access-date=28 September 2015|website=clio.fr}}</ref>

According to Arab traditions, tribes are divided into different divisions called Arab skulls, which are described in the traditional custom of strength, abundance, victory, and honor. A number of them branched out, which later became independent tribes (sub-tribes). The majority of Arab tribes are descended from these major tribes.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Al Andulsi|first=Ibn Abd Rabuh|title=Al Aqid Al Fareed|year=939}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Al-Qthami|first=Hmood|title=North of Hejaz|publisher=Dar Al Bayan|year=1985|location=Jeddah|pages=235}}</ref><ref name="المفصل فى تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام22">{{cite web|last1=Ali|first1=Jawad|date=2001|title=A Detailed Account of the History of Arabs Before Islam|url=http://islamport.com/w/tkh/Web/2300/2310.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201846/http://islamport.com/w/tkh/Web/2300/2310.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 September 2020|website=Al Madinah Digital Library|publisher=Dar Al Saqi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Al Zibeedi|first=Murtathi|title=Taj Al Aroos min Jawahir Al Qamoos|year=1965}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Al Hashimi|first=Muhammed Ibn Habib Ibn Omaya Ibn Amir|title=Al Mahbar|publisher=Dar Al Afaaq|year=859|location=Beirut}}</ref>

They are:<ref name="المفصل فى تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام22" />
[[File:Banu Adnan.png|thumb|upright=1.1|A family tree depicting the descendants of the Banu Adnan.]]
* [[Banu Bakr|Bakr]], has descendants in Arabia and [[Iraq]].<ref>Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger. 1995. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3 Southern Europe. Routledge. p.190.</ref>
* [[Kinana]]h, has descendants in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], [[Iraq]], [[Egypt]], [[Sudan]], [[Palestine]], [[Tunisia]], [[Morocco]], and [[Syria]].<ref name="Brill2">{{cite book|title=E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume 4|year=1993|isbn=978-9004097902|editor=M. Th. Houtsma|pages=1017–1018|chapter=Kinana|publisher=Brill}}</ref>
* [[Hawazin]], has descendants in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], [[Libya]], [[Algeria]], [[Morocco]], [[Sudan]], and [[Iraq]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=26 February 2018|title=نهاية الأرب في معرفة أنساب العرب • الموقع الرسمي للمكتبة الشاملة|url=http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-31382/page-229|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226213159/http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-31382/page-229|archive-date=26 February 2018|access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 September 2019|title=موسوعة تاريخ المغرب العربي – ʻAbd al-Fattāḥ Miqlad Ghunaymī, عبد الفتاح مقلد الغنيمي – كتب Google|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IbVIAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826054305/https://books.google.com/books?id=IbVIAAAAMAAJ&q=%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8|archive-date=26 August 2022|access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=17 December 2019|title=موسوعة العشائر العراقية – Thāmir ʻAbd al-Ḥasan ʻĀmirī – كتب Google|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bBBO1pj5XCAC&q=%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826054305/https://books.google.com/books?id=bBBO1pj5XCAC&q=%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82|archive-date=26 August 2022|access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Banu Tamim|Tamim]], has descendants in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], [[Algeria]], and [[Morocco]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 October 2021|title=ص204 – كتاب الأعلام للزركلي – يعلى بن أمية – المكتبة الشاملة الحديثة|url=https://al-maktaba.org/book/12286/7605|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002101301/https://al-maktaba.org/book/12286/7605|archive-date=2 October 2021|access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Azd]], has descendants in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], [[Iraq]], [[Levant]], and [[North Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=الموسوعة الشاملة – قلائد الجمان في التعريف بقبائل عرب الزمان|url=http://islamport.com/w/nsb/Web/489/27.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324041246/http://islamport.com/w/nsb/Web/489/27.htm|archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref>
* [[Ghatafan]], has descendants in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] and the [[Maghreb]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Fück|first=J. W.|title=G̲h̲aṭafān|date=24 April 2012|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ghatafan-SIM_2476?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Gha%E1%B9%ADaf%C4%81n|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314181616/https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ghatafan-SIM_2476?s.num=0&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=Gha%E1%B9%ADaf%C4%81n|url-status=live|publisher=Brill|archive-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[Madhhij]], has descendants in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]] and [[Iraq]].<ref>عشائر العراق – عباس العزاوي</ref>
* [[Abd al-Qays]], has descendants in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]].
* [[Qays|Al Qays]] (القيس), has descendants in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]].
* [[Quda'a]], has descendants in [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]], [[Syria]], and [[North Africa]].