Editing Algiers (section)

==Local architecture==
[[File:Alger front de mer.jpg|thumb|upright=1.65|Algiers waterfront]]
[[File:Algeri04.jpg|thumb|Cosmopolitan Algiers]]
{{Further|List of mosques in Algeria}}
There are many public buildings of interest, including the whole [[Kasbah]] quarter, Martyrs Square (''Sahat ech-Chouhada'' ساحة الشهداء), the government offices (formerly the British consulate), the "[[Djamaa el Kebir|Grand]]", "[[Djamaa el Djedid|New]]", and [[Ketchaoua Mosque|Ketchaoua]] Mosques, the [[Roman Catholic]] cathedral of [[Notre Dame d'Afrique]], the [[Bardo National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography|Bardo Museum]], the old ''Bibliothèque Nationale d'Alger''—a moorish palace built in 1799–1800 and the new [[National Library of Algeria|National Library]], built in a style reminiscent of the [[British Library]].

The main building in the Kasbah was begun in 1516 on the site of an older building, and served as the palace of the deys until the French conquest. A road has been cut through the centre of the building, the mosque turned into [[barracks]], and the hall of audience allowed to fall into ruin. There still remain a [[minaret]] and some marble arches and columns. Traces exist of the vaults in which were stored the treasures of the dey.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=654}}

[[Djamaa el Kebir]] (''Jamaa-el-Kebir'' الجامع الكبير) is the oldest mosque in Algiers. It was first built by [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]], but reconstructed many times. The pulpit (''[[minbar]]'' منبر) bears an inscription showing that the building existed in 1097. The minaret was built by the sultan of [[Tlemcen]], in 1324.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8764/ |title = Fountain in Mosque of El Kebir, Algiers, Algeria |website = [[World Digital Library]] |year = 1899 |access-date = 2013-09-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130927125712/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8764/ |archive-date = 2013-09-27 |url-status = live }}</ref> The interior of the mosque is square and is divided into aisles by columns joined by [[Moors|Moorish]] arches.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=654}}

The [[Djamaa el Djedid|New Mosque]] (''Jamaa-el-Jedid'' الجامع الجديد), dating from the 17th century, is in the form of a [[Greek cross]], surmounted by a large white cupola, with four small cupolas at the corners. The minaret is {{convert|27|m|0}} high. The interior resembles that of the Grand Mosque.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=654}}

The church of the Holy Trinity (built in 1870) stands at the southern end of the ''rue d'Isly'' near the site of the demolished Fort Bab Azoun باب عزون. The interior is richly decorated with various coloured marbles. Many of these marbles contain memorial inscriptions relating to the British residents (voluntary and involuntary) of Algiers from the time of John Tipton, the first English consul, in 1580 (NB Some sources give 1585). One tablet records that in 1631 two Algerine pirate crews landed in Ireland, sacked [[Baltimore, County Cork|Baltimore]], and enslaved its inhabitants.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=654}}

[[File:Mosquée Ketchaoua.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The Ketchaoua Mosque]]
[[File:Algiers new mosque 1.jpg | thumb|right | Mosque in the City of Algiers.]]

The [[Ketchaoua Mosque]] (''Djamaa Ketchaoua'' جامع كتشاوة), at the foot of the Casbah, was before independence in 1962 the cathedral of St Philippe, itself made in 1845 from a mosque dating from 1612. The principal entrance, reached by a flight of 23 steps, is ornamented with a [[portico]] supported by four black-veined marble columns. The roof of the nave is of [[Moorish Empire|Moorish]] [[plaster]] work. It rests on a series of arcades supported by white marble columns. Several of these columns belonged to the original mosque. In one of the chapels was a tomb containing the bones of [[Geronimo (martyr)|Geronimo]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=654}} The building seems a curious blend of Moorish and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] styles.

Algiers possesses a college with schools of law, medicine, science and letters. The college buildings are large and handsome. The [[Bardo National Museum (Algiers)|Bardo Museum]] holds some of the ancient sculptures and mosaics discovered in Algeria, together with medals and Algerian money.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=654}}

The port of Algiers is sheltered from all winds. There are two harbours, both artificial—the old or northern harbour and the southern or Agha harbour. The northern harbour covers an area of {{convert|95|ha|acre|0}}. An opening in the south [[jetty]] affords an entrance into Agha harbour, constructed in Agha Bay. Agha harbour has also an independent entrance on its southern side. The inner harbour was begun in 1518 by [[Khair-ad-Din Barbarossa]] (see History, below), who, to accommodated his pirate vessels, caused the island on which was Fort Penon to be connected with the mainland by a [[mole (architecture)|mole]]. The lighthouse which occupies the site of [[Fort Penon]] was built in 1544.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=654}}

Algiers was a walled city from the time of the deys until the close of the 19th century. The French, after their occupation of the city (1830), built a [[Defensive wall|rampart]], [[parapet]] and [[ditch (fortification)|ditch]], with two terminal forts, [[Bab Azoun]] باب عزون to the south and [[Bab-el-Oued]] اد to the north. The forts and part of the ramparts were demolished at the beginning of the 20th century, when a line of forts occupying the heights of [[Bouzaréah]] بوزريعة (at an elevation of {{convert|396|m|0}} above the sea) took their place.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=654}}

[[Notre Dame d'Afrique]], a church built (1858–1872) in a mixture of the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] styles, is conspicuously situated overlooking the sea, on the shoulder of the [[Bouzaréah]] hills, {{convert|3|km|0|abbr=on}}
to the north of the city. Above the altar is a statue of the [[Mary, the mother of Jesus|Virgin]] depicted as a black woman. The church also contains a solid silver statue of the [[archangel Michael]], belonging to the confraternity of [[Naples|Neapolitan]] fishermen.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=655}}

[[Villa Abd-el-Tif]], former residence of the [[dey]], was used during the French period, to accommodate French artists, chiefly painters, and winners of the [[Abd-el-Tif prize]], among whom [[Maurice Boitel]], for a while of two years. Nowadays, Algerian artists are back in the villa's studios.

===Monuments===
[[File:Notre Dame d'Afrique at night.jpg|thumb|alt=Basilica of Our Lady of Africa|Basilica of Our Lady of Africa – Algiers]]
[[File:Makamelchahid.JPG|thumb|right|The Monument of the Martyrs (Maquam E'chahid)]]
[[File:Alger - Grande Poste.jpg|thumb|right|Grand Post Office]]
* [[Notre Dame d'Afrique]], accessible by one [[Aerial tramway|cable car]], is one of the city's most outstanding monuments: located in the district of Z' will ghara, the basilica was built around 1858.
* [[Monument des Martyrs]] (''Marquand E' chahid''): an iconic concrete monument commemorating the [[Algerian War|Algerian war for independence]]. The monument was opened in 1982 on the 20th anniversary of Algeria's independence. It is fashioned in the shape of three standing palm leaves which shelter the "Eternal Flame" beneath. At the edge of each palm leaf stands a statue of a soldier, each representing a stage of Algeria's struggle.
[[File:Algiers mosque.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The El Jedid mosque at the Place des Martyrs]]
* The El Jedid mosque at the Place des Martyrs near the port.
* Place of the Emir Abdelkader (formerly [[Thomas-Robert Bugeaud|Bugeaud]]): in memory of the famous emir [[Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri|Abd El-Kader]], resistant during [[French conquest of Algeria]].
* Grand Post Office (1910, by [[Voinot]] and [[Tondoire]]): construction of the neo-Moorish type which is in full centre town of Algiers.
* The Jardin d'essai (''Garden of Test''; ''El-Hamma''): situated in the east of Algiers, it extends over {{convert|80|ha|acre|0}} and contains exotic plants and gardens. It was created in 1832 by A. Hardy.
* Villa Abd-el-Hair, with the top of the Garden of test, one of the old residences of the dey, where until 1962, were placed the artists prizes winner of [[Price Abd-el-Hair]], and in particular [[Maurice Boitel]] and [[Andre Hamburg]].
* Citadel.
* Riadh El-Feth (shopping centre and art gallery).
* [[Ketchaoua Mosque]] (This mosque became the Saint-Philippe cathedral during colonization before becoming again a mosque).
* [[National Library of Algeria|National Library]], is in the district of El HAMMA and was built in the 1990s.
* [[Djamaa el Kebir]] at the [[Rue de la Marine]]. It is the oldest mosque of Algiers and was built during the reign of the [[Almoravid]] sultan [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]].
* [[Palais des Rais|Le Bastion 23 – Palais des Rais]], built in 1576 by Dey Ramdhan Pacha and located in the lower Casbah in the Bab El Oued neighborhood.