Editing Aleuts (section)

===Aleut clothing===
[[File:Aleut sax.jpg|thumb|Replica of the {{Lang|ale|sax}}, an Aleut coat made from bird skins and sea otter fur]]
[[File:Parka (Kamleika) Aleutian Islands.JPG|thumb|A [[Kamleika]], or sea mammal intestine coat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/kamleika/6AFzaJE5vq3JQA|title=Kamleika|website=Google Arts & Culture|access-date=January 16, 2019|archive-date=January 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120015815/https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/kamleika/6AFzaJE5vq3JQA|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Aleuts developed in one of the harshest climates in the world, and learned to create and protect warmth. Both men and women wore parkas that extended below the knees. The women wore the skin of seal or sea-otter, and the men wore bird skin parkas, the feathers turned in or out depending on the weather. When the men were hunting on the water, they wore waterproof parkas made from seal or sea-lion guts, or the entrails of bear, walrus, or whales. Parkas had a hood that could be cinched, as could the wrist openings, so water could not get in. Men wore breeches made from the esophageal skin of seals. Children wore parkas made of downy eagle skin with tanned bird skin caps.<ref name=Gross/> They called these parkas {{Lang|ale|kameikas}}'','' meaning 'rain gear' in the English language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aleutcorp.com/|title=Home|website=Aleut Corporation|accessdate=December 18, 2022|archive-date=December 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218093214/https://aleutcorp.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sea-lions, harbor seals, and sea otters are the most abundant marine mammals. The men brought home the skins and prepared them by soaking them in urine and stretching them. The women undertook the sewing.<ref name=Gross/> Preparation of the gut for clothing involved several steps. The prepared intestines were turned inside out. A bone knife was used to remove the muscle tissue and fat from the walls of the intestine. The gut was cut and stretched, and fastened to stakes to dry. It was then cut and sewn to make waterproof parkas, bags, and other receptacles.<ref name=Turner/> On some hunting trips, the men would take several women with them. They would catch birds and prepare the carcasses and feathers for future use. They caught [[puffins]] (''[[Lunda cirrhata]]'', ''[[Fratercula corniculata]]''), [[guillemot]]s, and [[Common murre|murres]].<ref name=Turner/>

It took 40 skins of tufted puffin and 60 skins of horned puffin to make one parka. A woman would need a year for all the labor to make one parka. Each lasted two years with proper care. All parkas were decorated with bird feathers, beard bristles of seal and sea-lion, beaks of sea parrots, bird claws, sea otter fur, dyed leather, and caribou hair sewn in the seams.<ref name=Gross/>

Women made needles from the wing bones of seabirds. They made thread from the sinews of different animals and fish guts.<ref name=Gross/> A thin strip of seal intestine could also be used, twisted to form a thread. The women grew their thumbnail extra long and sharpened it. They could split threads to make them as fine as a hair.<ref name=Turner/> They used vermilion paint, hematite, the ink bag of the octopus, and the root of a kind of grass or vine to color the threads.<ref name=Turner/>