Editing Aden (section)

== Economy and transportation ==
{{Main|Port of Aden}}

[[File:Green_Lighthouse.jpg|link=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Green_Lighthouse.jpg|thumb|260x260px|A small green lighthouse in the port of Aden, and there is another white lighthouse (Aden Lighthouse).]]
The industrial activity in Aden is represented by a group of factories and production units, the forefront of which is the oil refinery. The oil refinery in Aden is considered one of the first refineries to be established in the region, and began operating in 1954 AD. The Aden Refineries Company has facilities such as an oil tanker port, a network of storage tanks, and a center to supply ships with fuel.<ref name="الأنشطة الاقتصادية لمحافظة عدن">{{cite web |access-date=2015-03-02 |archive-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009160110/http://www.yemen-nic.info:80/gover/aden/actionecnom/ |title=الأنشطة الاقتصادية لمحافظة عدن |url=https://yemen-nic.info/gover/aden/actionecnom/}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>

Historically, Aden was a station for importing goods from the African coast and from Europe, the United States, and India. As of 1920, Aden was a major commercial center for trade in the Arabian Peninsula, and the port exported small quantities of local products to most Arab ports. Aden provided coal and salt to passing ships, and the port was a stopping point for ships when they entered Bab al-Mandab.
[[File:Port_Of_Aden.jpg|link=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Port_Of_Aden.jpg|left|thumb|280x280px|[[Port of Aden]]]]

=== Transport ===
[[File:Aden03 flickr.jpg|thumb|right|Aden's harbour in 1960]]Historically, the port of Aden was the main transport port in the region. Passenger ships land in Al-Tawahi District, and the city is served by Aden International Airport, which is about 10 kilometers (6&nbsp;mi) from the city. The airport is the main headquarters of Al-Saeeda Airlines and its operations center. The airport is considered the second largest airport. In Yemen, after Sana'a International Airport, it is considered the best airport in Yemen in terms of location due to the mountainous nature of Yemen. However, this airport is surrounded by the Arabian Sea in terms of take-off and landing. The establishment of Aden Airport dates back to the year 1927 when the British forces established a military airport in the district. Khor Maksar. After World War II, Britain carried out extensive urban modernization and built [[Aden International Airport]], known today, next to the military airport. [[Alyemda|Al-Yamda]] Airlines was the official carrier of South Yemen, before unification, and was based in Aden, before merging with Yemen Airways in 1996. Before the [[Battle of Aden Airport]] and the [[2015 military intervention in Yemen]] closed this airport along with other airports in Yemen.  On 22 July, Aden International Airport was declared fit for operation again after the Houthi forces were driven from the city, and a Saudi plane carrying aid reportedly became the first plane to land in Aden in four months.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 July 2015 |title=Aden Airport ready to operate |url=http://www.yementimes.com/?liveblog.item.id=64 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211102822/http://www.yementimes.com/?liveblog.item.id=64 |archive-date=11 February 2017 |access-date=27 July 2015 |work=[[Yemen Times]]}}</ref> The same day, a ship chartered by the [[World Food Programme]] carrying fuel docked in Aden's port.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 July 2015 |title=New WFP Ship Arrives in Aden Port With Fuel For Humanitarian Operations |url=https://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/new-wfp-ship-arrives-aden-port-fuel-humanitarian-operations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809074355/http://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/new-wfp-ship-arrives-aden-port-fuel-humanitarian-operations |archive-date=9 August 2015 |access-date=30 July 2015 |work=World Food Programme |publisher=United Nations}}</ref>

Historically, Aden's [[harbour]] has been a major hub of transportation for the region. As of 1920, the harbour was {{convert|8|by|4|mi|abbr=on|order=flip|km|0}} in size. Passenger ships landed at Steamer Point now called [[Tawahi (Aden)|Tawahi]].<ref name="Prothero682">{{cite book |last=Prothero |first=G.W. |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/68/ |title=Arabia |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1920 |location=London |page=68 |access-date=9 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830034815/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/68/ |archive-date=30 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

During the British colonial period motor vehicles [[Driving on the left|drove on the left]], as in the United Kingdom. On 2 January 1977, Aden, along with the rest of South Yemen, changed to driving on the right, bringing it into line with neighbouring Arab states.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QatPAAAAMAAJ&q=%22South+Yemen%22 ''The Rule of the Road: An International Guide to History and Practice''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526161346/https://books.google.com/books?id=QatPAAAAMAAJ&q=%22South+Yemen%22|date=26 May 2023}}, Peter Kincaid, Greenwood Press, 1986, page 200</ref>

During the early 20th century, Aden was a prominent export center for coffee grown in the Jubail highlands. And also to export frankincense, wheat, barley, alfalfa and millet, which are produced and exported from Aden. The leaves and stems of clover, millet, and corn produced in Aden were generally used as fodder. Beginning in 1920, Aden was desalinating seawater to produce table salt. Between 1916 and 1917, Aden produced more than 120,000 tons of salt. Aden also produced potash, which was exported to Mumbai.

=== Economy ===
Historically, Aden would import goods from the African coast and from Europe, the [[United States]], and [[India]].<ref name="Prothero682"/><ref name="Prothero69">{{cite book |last=Prothero |first=G.W. |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/69/ |title=Arabia |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1920 |location=London |page=69 |access-date=9 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830034800/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/69/ |archive-date=30 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 1920, the British described it as "the chief emporium of Arabian trade, receiving the small quantities of native produce, and supplying the modest wants of the interior and of most of the smaller Arabian ports." At the docks, the city provided [[coal]] to passing ships. The only item being produced by the city, as of 1920, was [[salt]].<ref name="Prothero69" /> Also, the port was the stop ships had to take when entering the [[Bab-el-Mandeb]]; this was how cities like Mecca had received goods by ship. [[Yemenia|Yemen Airlines]], the national airline of South Yemen, had its head office in Aden. On 15 May 1996, Yemen Airlines merged with [[Yemenia]].<ref>"North and South Yemen Airlines to Merge". ''Flight International''. 10–16 April 1996. [http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200858.html 10] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902002729/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1996/1996%20-%200858.html|date=2 September 2017}}.</ref><ref>"[http://www.yemenia.com/DisplaySectionDetail.aspx?ID=84 Yemenia background] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027074632/http://www.yemenia.com/DisplaySectionDetail.aspx?ID=84|date=2009-10-27}}". [[Yemenia]]. Retrieved on 26 October 2009.</ref>

During the early 20th century Aden was a notable centre of [[coffee]] production. Women processed coffee beans, grown in the Yemen highlands.<ref name="Prothero83">{{cite book |last=Prothero |first=G.W. |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/83/ |title=Arabia |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1920 |location=London |page=83 |access-date=9 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227051942/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/83/ |archive-date=27 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Frankincense]], [[wheat]], [[barley]], [[alfalfa]], and [[millet]] was also produced and exported from Aden.<ref name="Prothero84">{{cite book |last=Prothero |first=G.W. |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/84/ |title=Arabia |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1920 |location=London |page=84 |access-date=11 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227051843/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/84/ |archive-date=27 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Prothero86">{{cite book |last=Prothero |first=G.W. |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/86/ |title=Arabia |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1920 |location=London |page=86 |access-date=11 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227051853/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/86/ |archive-date=27 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The leaves and stalks of the alfalfa, millet and [[maize]] produced in Aden were generally used as [[fodder]].<ref name="Prothero86" /> As of 1920, Aden was also gathering [[salt]] from [[Seawater|salt water]]. An [[Italy|Italian]] company called Agostino Burgarella Ajola and Company gathered and process the salt under the name Aden Salt Works. There was also a smaller company from [[India]], called Abdullabhoy and Joomabhoy Lalji & Company that owned a salt production firm in Aden. Both companies exported the salt. Between 1916 and 1917, Aden produced over 120,000 tons of salt. Aden has also produced [[potash]], which was generally exported to Mumbai.<ref name="Prothero98">{{cite book |last=Prothero |first=G.W. |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/98/ |title=Arabia |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1920 |location=London |page=98 |access-date=12 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830034803/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/98/ |archive-date=30 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Aden produced [[jollyboat]]s. [[Charcoal]] was produced as well, from [[acacia]], and mainly in the interior of the region. [[Cigarette]]s were produced by [[Jews|Jewish]] and [[Greek people|Greek]] populations in Aden. The [[tobacco]] used was imported from Egypt.<ref name="Prothero99">{{cite book |last=Prothero |first=G.W. |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/99/ |title=Arabia |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |year=1920 |location=London |page=99 |access-date=12 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822220849/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/11767/view/1/99/ |archive-date=22 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Since the outbreak of the Yemeni Civil War spread to Aden in 2015, the city has been struck by constant protests over a range of issues, but especially concerning electricity generation. Aden's power grid is composed solely of diesel generators and is thus heavily dependent on imported fuel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arabic press review: Yemen's Aden faces imminent blackouts amid fuel shortages |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/yemen-blackout-fuel-shortage-arabic-press-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004122254/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/yemen-blackout-fuel-shortage-arabic-press-review |archive-date=4 October 2021 |access-date=4 October 2021}}</ref> The main power plant is al-Hasswa diesel power plant, which in June 2021 had only two turbines out of five running, producing up to 50 megawatts (MW) of power in a region where the deficit hovers around 300 MW. Nawfal al-Mojamal, the plant director, said "In its 35 years of existence, al-Hasswa station never had any kind of maintenance, except in 2016 ... when the two turbines were restored".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Yaakoubi |first1=Aziz El |date=7 June 2021 |title=Temperature rising in south Yemen as rivalries fuel power shortage |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/temperature-rising-south-yemen-rivalries-fuel-power-shortage-2021-06-07/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004122253/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/temperature-rising-south-yemen-rivalries-fuel-power-shortage-2021-06-07/ |archive-date=4 October 2021 |access-date=4 October 2021 |newspaper=Reuters}}</ref>

=== Free zone ===
{{Main|Aden Free Zone}}

The free zone, which was opened in 1991, represents Yemen's economic gateway and the meeting point of the continents of Asia and Africa. The free zone gains its strategic importance from the special location of the port of Aden, as it is located directly on the main trade route around the world and from the Middle East to Europe and America, and is distinguished by the possibility of providing transit services. To East Africa, the Red Sea, the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Gulf. The free zone represents a storage and distribution area suitable for Africa, the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf.<ref name="الأنشطة الاقتصادية لمحافظة عدن2">{{cite web |access-date=2015-03-02 |archive-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009160110/http://www.yemen-nic.info:80/gover/aden/actionecnom/ |title=الأنشطة الاقتصادية لمحافظة عدن |url=https://yemen-nic.info/gover/aden/actionecnom/}}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>