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==People== ===Military leaders=== <gallery widths="140" heights="125" perrow="5"> File:General Dwight D. Eisenhower.jpg|[[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], American General who led the Allied forces during the [[Normandy landings|Normandy invasion]]. File:Zhukov-LIFE-1944-1945.jpg|[[Georgy Zhukov]], Soviet Union Field Marshal who led the Red Army during the [[Battle of Berlin]]. File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1977-018-13A, Erwin Rommel(brighter).jpg|[[Erwin Rommel]], German Field Marshal who led the Nazis during the [[North African Campaign]]. File:Portrait of Yamamoto Isoroku.jpg|[[Yamamoto Isoroku]], Japanese Fleet Admiral who led the Imperial Army during the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-14059-0018, Berlin, Oberbefehlshaber der vier Verbündeten.jpg|The Supreme Commanders on 5 June 1945 in Berlin: [[Bernard Montgomery]], [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], [[Georgy Zhukov]] and [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]]. </gallery> * {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} Field Marshal [[Erwin Rommel]] * {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} Reichsmarschall [[Hermann Göring]] * {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} Field Marshal [[Erich von Manstein]] * {{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} Field Marshal [[Gerd von Rundstedt]] * {{flagicon|Finland}} Field Marshal [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]] * {{flagicon|Romania}} Marshal [[Ion Antonescu]] * {{flagicon|Empire of Japan|naval}} General [[Hideki Tōjō]] * {{flagicon|Empire of Japan|naval}} General [[Kuniaki Koiso]] * {{flagicon|Empire of Japan|naval}} Field Marshal [[Hajime Sugiyama]] * {{flagicon|Empire of Japan|naval}} [[Gensui (Imperial Japanese Navy)|Fleet Admiral]] [[Isoroku Yamamoto]] * {{flagicon|Empire of Japan|naval}} [[Gensui (Imperial Japanese Navy)|Fleet Admiral]] [[Osami Nagano]] * {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} Field Marshal [[Georgy Zhukov]] * {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} Field Marshal [[Ivan Konev]] * {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} Field Marshal [[Konstantin Rokossovsky]] * {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} Field Marshal [[Semyon Timoshenko]] * {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} Field Marshal [[Ivan Bagramyan]] * {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1936}} [[Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union|Fleet Admiral]] [[Ivan Isakov]] * {{flagicon|USA|1912}} General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] * {{flagicon|USA|1912}} General [[George C. Marshall|George Marshall]] * {{flagicon|USA|1912}} General [[Douglas MacArthur]] * {{flagicon|USA|1912}} General [[Omar Bradley]] * {{flagicon|USA|1912}} General [[George S. Patton]] * {{flagicon|USA|1912}} [[Fleet admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral]] [[Chester W. Nimitz]] * {{flagicon|USA|1912}} [[Fleet admiral (United States)|Fleet Admiral]] [[Ernest J. King]] * {{flagicon|UK}} Field Marshal [[Harold Alexander]] * {{flagicon|UK}} Field Marshal [[Bernard Montgomery]] * {{flagicon|France|1794}} [[Army general (France)|Général d'Armée]] [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]] * {{flagicon|France|1794}} [[Brigadier general (France)|Brigadier general]] [[Charles de Gaulle]] * {{flagicon|Netherlands}} General [[Henri Winkelman]] * {{flagicon|Netherlands}} General [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld|Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]] ===Activists and religious leaders=== <gallery widths="140px" heights="125px" perrow="5"> File:MKGandhi.jpg|[[Mohandas Gandhi]] during the 1940s File:Raoul Wallenberg.jpg|[[Raoul Wallenberg]], c. 1944 File:Jinnah Gandhi.jpg|[[Muhammed Ali Jinnah]] with Gandhi, 1944. File:Sugihara b.jpg|[[Chiune Sugihara]] c.1940s </gallery> {{See also|List of individuals and groups assisting Jews during the Holocaust|List of Righteous among the Nations by country|Resistance during the Holocaust|Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust}} * [[Joel Brand]] * [[Behic Erkin]] * [[Varian Fry]] * [[Mohandas Gandhi]] * [[Billy Graham]] * [[Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog]] * [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] * [[Necdet Kent]] * [[Aristides de Sousa Mendes]] * [[Pope Pius XII]] * [[Martha Sharp]] * [[Waitstill Sharp]] * [[Chiune Sugihara]] * [[Raoul Wallenberg]] * [[Abdullah Nur]] [[File:Presidente Juan Domingo Perón (AGN 123768).jpg|thumb|298x298px|[[Juan Perón]] giving a radio speech from his office.]] ===Politics=== * [[Abdel Rahman Azzam Pasha]], Secretary-general Arab League * [[Georgi Mikhailov Dimitrov]], Chairman of the Executive Committee Communist International * [[Camille Gutt]], Managing Director International Monetary Fund * [[Jacques Camille Paris]], Secretary-general Council of Europe * [[Edward Pearson Warner|Edward Warner]], President of the Council International Civil Aviation Organization * [[John G. Winant]], Director International Labour Organization * [[Juan Perón|Juan Domingo Perón]], President of the [[Argentina|Argentine Republic]] === Scientists and Engineers=== {{Div col|colwidth=18em}} *[[John Bardeen]] *[[J. Presper Eckert|John Eckert]] *[[Enrico Fermi]] *[[Peter Carl Goldmark|Peter Goldmark]] *[[Abraham Maslow]] *[[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] *[[John von Neumann]] *[[Harry Nyquist]] *[[Claude Shannon]] *[[Alan Turing]] *[[Robert Watson-Watt]] *[[Norbert Wiener]] {{div col end}} ===Actors / Entertainers=== <gallery widths="140px" heights="125px" perrow="5"> File:Rita Hayworth in Blood and Sand trailer.jpg|[[Rita Hayworth]] as Doña Sol des Muire in ''[[Blood and Sand (1941 film)|Blood and Sand]]'' ([[1941 in film|1941]]) File:Cary Grant 1947 (cropped).jpg|[[Cary Grant]] File:Clark Gable - publicity.JPG|[[Clark Gable]] File:Gangs all here trailer.jpg|[[Carmen Miranda]] in ''[[The Gang's All Here (1943 film)|The Gang's All Here]]'' ([[1943 in film|1943]]) File:Annex - Stewart, James (Call Northside 777) 01.jpg|[[Jimmy Stewart]] </gallery> {{Div col|colwidth=18em}} * [[Fred Allen]] * [[Don Ameche]] * [[Dana Andrews]] * [[Edward Arnold (actor)|Edward Arnold]] * [[Jean Arthur]] * [[Fred Astaire]] * [[Mary Astor]] * [[Lauren Bacall]] * [[Josephine Baker]] * [[Lucille Ball]] * [[Tallulah Bankhead]] * [[Joseph Barbera]] * [[Carl Barks]] * [[Anne Baxter]] * [[Ralph Bellamy]] * [[Jack Benny]] * [[William Bendix]] * [[Ingrid Bergman]] * [[Noah Beery Jr.]] * [[Charles Bickford]] * [[Vivian Blaine]] * [[Humphrey Bogart]] * [[Charles Boyer]] * [[Walter Brennan]] * [[Fanny Brice]] * [[Lloyd Bridges]] * [[Edgar Buchanan]] * [[James Cagney]] * [[Cab Calloway]] * [[Yvonne De Carlo]] * [[John Carradine]] * [[Lon Chaney Jr.]] * [[Charlie Chaplin]] * [[Montgomery Clift]] * [[Charles Coburn]] * [[Claudette Colbert]] * [[Ronald Colman]] * [[Gary Cooper]] * [[Katharine Cornell]] * [[Abbott and Costello]] * [[Joseph Cotten]] * [[Joan Crawford]] * [[Bing Crosby]] * [[Arlene Dahl]] * [[Dorothy Dandridge]] * [[Linda Darnell]] * [[Bette Davis]] * [[Doris Day]] * [[Olivia de Havilland]] * [[William Demarest]] * [[Richard Denning]] * [[Marlene Dietrich]] * [[Walt Disney]] * [[Kirk Douglas]] * [[Irene Dunne]] * [[Alice Faye]] * [[José Ferrer]] * [[Larry Fine]] * [[Barry Fitzgerald]] * [[Errol Flynn]] * [[Henry Fonda]] * [[Joan Fontaine]] * [[Clark Gable]] * [[Ava Gardner]] * [[Judy Garland]] * [[Greer Garson]] * [[Lillian Gish]] * [[Paulette Goddard]] * [[Betty Grable]] * [[Gloria Grahame]] * [[Cary Grant]] * [[Kathryn Grayson]] * [[Virginia Grey]] * [[Sydney Greenstreet]] * [[Edmund Gwenn]] * [[Carl Stuart Hamblen]] * [[William Hanna]] * [[Olivia de Havilland]] * [[Helen Hayes]] * [[Susan Hayward]] * [[Rita Hayworth]] * [[Van Heflin]] * [[Katharine Hepburn]] * [[William Holden]] * [[Bob Hope]] * [[Lena Horne]] * [[Curly Howard]] * [[Moe Howard]] * [[Shemp Howard]] * [[Walter Huston]] * [[Pedro Infante]] * [[Burl Ives]] * [[Anne Jeffreys]] * [[Van Johnson]] * [[Glynis Johns]] * [[Jennifer Jones]] * [[Boris Karloff]] * [[Danny Kaye]] * [[Gene Kelly]] * [[Deborah Kerr]] * [[Alan Ladd]] * [[Veronica Lake]] * [[Hedy Lamarr]] * [[Dorothy Lamour]] * [[Burt Lancaster]] * [[Laurel and Hardy]] * [[Charles Laughton]] * [[Peter Lawford]] * [[Janet Leigh]] * [[Vivien Leigh]] * [[Norman Lloyd]] * [[Gene Lockhart]] * [[June Lockhart]] * [[Carole Lombard]] * [[Peter Lorre]] * [[Myrna Loy]] * [[Vera Lynn]] * [[Ida Lupino]] * [[Fred MacMurray]] * [[Victor Mature]] * [[Fredric March]] * [[Herbert Marshall]] * [[James Mason]] * [[Burgess Meredith]] * [[Ray Milland]] * [[Carmen Miranda]] * [[Robert Montgomery (actor)|Robert Montgomery]] * [[Marilyn Monroe]] * [[Dennis Morgan]] * [[Frank Morgan]] * [[Harry Morgan]] * [[Jorge Negrete]] * [[Margaret O'Brien]] * [[Maureen O'Hara]] * [[Laurence Olivier]] * [[Janis Paige]] * [[Gregory Peck]] * [[Walter Pidgeon]] * [[Dick Powell]] * [[Eleanor Powell]] * [[Jane Powell]] * [[William Powell]] * [[Tyrone Power]] * [[Robert Preston (actor)|Robert Preston]] * [[Anthony Quinn]] * [[Claude Rains]] * [[Basil Rathbone]] * [[Martha Raye]] * [[Ronald Reagan]] * [[Donna Reed]] * [[George Reeves]] * [[Michael Redgrave]] * [[Dolores del Río]] * [[Edward G. Robinson]] * [[Ginger Rogers]] * [[Roy Rogers]] * [[Cesar Romero]] * [[Mickey Rooney]] * [[Rosalind Russell]] * [[George Sanders]] * [[Joseph Schildkraut]] * [[Lizabeth Scott]] * [[Randolph Scott]] * [[Jean Simmons]] * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Red Skelton]] * [[Lionel Stander]] * [[Barbara Stanwyck]] * [[James Stewart]] * [[Lewis Stone]] * [[Barry Sullivan (American actor)|Barry Sullivan]] * [[Ed Sullivan]] * [[Lyle Talbot]] * [[Elizabeth Taylor]] * [[Robert Taylor (American actor)|Robert Taylor]] * [[Shirley Temple]] * [[The Three Stooges]] * [[Gene Tierney]] * [[Spencer Tracy]] * [[Lana Turner]] * [[Robert Walker (actor, born 1918)|Robert Walker]] * [[John Wayne]] * [[Orson Welles]] * [[Richard Widmark]] * [[Cornel Wilde]] * [[Jane Wyman]] * [[Keenan Wynn]] * [[Loretta Young]] {{div col end}} ===Musicians=== <gallery widths="140px" heights="125px" perrow="5"> File:Glenn Miller Billboard.jpg|[[Glenn Miller]], 1942 File:BennyGoodmanStageDoorCanteen.jpg|[[Benny Goodman]] performing in ''[[Stage Door Canteen (film)|Stage Door Canteen]]'' (1943) File:BingCrosbyTheBellsofSaintMarysTrailerScreenshot1945.jpg|[[Bing Crosby]], 1945 File:Piaf Harcourt 1946.jpg|[[Édith Piaf]], 1946 File:Frank Sinatra by Gottlieb c1947- 2.jpg|[[Frank Sinatra]], 1947 </gallery> {{Div col|colwidth=22em}} * [[Marian Anderson]] * [[Louis Armstrong]] * [[Eddy Arnold]] * [[Gene Autry]] * [[Pearl Bailey]] * [[Benny Carter]] * [[Ray Charles]] * [[Charlie Barnet]] * [[Count Basie]] * [[Irving Berlin]] * [[Al Bowlly]] * [[Les Brown (bandleader)|Les Brown]] * [[Erskine Butterfield]] * [[Sammy Cahn]] * [[Cab Calloway]] * [[Nat King Cole]] * [[Perry Como]] * [[Bing Crosby]] * [[Bob Crosby]] * [[Miles Davis]] * [[Willie Dixon]] * [[Jimmy Dorsey]] * [[Tommy Dorsey]] * [[K. C. Douglas]] * [[Champion Jack Dupree]] * [[Billy Eckstine]] * [[Duke Ellington]] * [[H-Bomb Ferguson]] * [[Ella Fitzgerald]] * [[Ira Gershwin]] * [[Dizzy Gillespie]] * [[Benny Goodman]] * [[Stéphane Grappelli]] * [[Homer Harris]] * [[Screamin' Jay Hawkins]] * [[Richard Hayman]] * [[Dick Haymes]] * [[Earl Hines]] * [[Billie Holiday]] * [[John Lee Hooker]] * [[Lena Horne]] * [[Betty Hutton]] * [[Sir Lancelot (singer)|Sir Lancelot]] * [[Big Joe Turner]] * [[Bull Moose Jackson]] * [[Mahalia Jackson]] * [[Harry James]] * [[Louis Jordan]] * [[Blind Willie Johnson]] * [[Al Jolson]] * [[Kitty Kallen]] * [[Danny Kaye]] * [[Sammy Kaye]] * [[Stan Kenton]] * [[B.B. King]] * [[Evelyn Knight]] * [[Gene Krupa]] * [[Frankie Laine]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Peggy Lee]] * [[Dean Martin]] * [[Grady Martin]] * [[Johnny Mercer]] * [[Amos Milburn]] * [[Glenn Miller]] * [[Roy Milton]] * [[Charles Mingus]] * [[Thelonious Monk]] * [[Vaughn Monroe]] * [[Benny Moré]] * [[Ray Noble]] * [[Charlie Parker]] * [[Les Paul]] * [[Édith Piaf]] * [[Cole Porter]] * [[Bud Powell]] * [[Louis Prima]] * [[Django Reinhardt]] * [[Pete Johnson (musician)|Pete Johnson]] * [[Max Roach]] * [[Marty Robbins]] * [[Paul Robeson]] * [[Richard Rodgers]] * [[Artie Shaw]] * [[Dinah Shore]] * [[Frank Sinatra]] * [[Memphis Slim]] * [[Kate Smith]] * [[Billy Strayhorn]] * [[Maxine Sullivan]] * [[Art Tatum]] * [[Martha Tilton]] * [[Ernest Tubb]] * [[Sarah Vaughan]] * [[T-Bone Walker]] * [[Little Walter]] * [[Muddy Waters]] * [[Margaret Whiting]] * [[Cootie Williams]] * [[Hank Williams]] * [[Tex Williams]] * [[Bob Wills]] * [[Teddy Wilson]] {{Div col end}} ===Bands=== [[File:Ink Spots Billboard 3.jpg|thumb|upright|[[The Ink Spots]] in 1944, a popular [[swing music|swing]] band of the era]] * [[The Andrews Sisters]] * [[The Boswell Sisters]] * [[The Ink Spots]] * [[The Merry Macs]] * [[The Mills Brothers]] * [[The Pied Pipers]] * [[The Ravens]] * [[The Robins]] * [[Sons of the Pioneers|Sons of The Pioneers]] ===Sports=== During the 1940s, sporting events were disrupted and changed by the events that engaged and shaped the entire world. The 1940 and 1944 [[Olympic Games]] were cancelled because of [[World War II]]. During [[World War II]] in the United States [[List of Heavyweight Champions|Heavyweight Boxing Champion]] [[Joe Louis]] and numerous stars and performers from American baseball and other sports served in the armed forces until the end of the war. Among the many baseball players (including well known stars) who served during World War II were [[Moe Berg]], [[Joe DiMaggio]], [[Bob Feller]], [[Hank Greenberg]], [[Stan Musial]] (in 1945), [[Warren Spahn]], and [[Ted Williams]]. They like many others sacrificed their personal and valuable career time for the benefit and well-being of the rest of society. The Summer Olympics were resumed in 1948 in [[London]] and the Winter games were held that year in [[St. Moritz]], [[Switzerland]]. In 1947, [[Wataru Misaka]] of the [[1947–48 New York Knicks season|New York Knicks]] became the first person of color to play in modern professional basketball, just months after [[Jackie Robinson]] had broken the color barrier in [[Major League Baseball]] for the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]].<ref>{{cite news|title=New York Times|date=22 November 2019|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/21/sports/basketball/wat-misaka-dead.html|access-date=November 26, 2019|last1=Goldstein|first1=Richard}}</ref> ====Baseball==== [[File:Baseball. Jack Robinson BAnQ P48S1P12829 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Jackie Robinson]] with the [[Montreal Royals]] in July 1946]] {{See also|History of baseball in the United States#The war years|All-American Girls Professional Baseball League}} During the early 1940s [[World War II]] had an enormous impact on Major League Baseball as many players including many of the most successful stars joined the war effort. After the war many players returned to their teams, while the major event of the second half of the 1940s was the 1945 signing of [[Jackie Robinson]] to a players contract by [[Branch Rickey]] the general manager of the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]]. Signing Robinson opened the door to the [[Racial integration|integration]] of Major League Baseball finally putting an end to the professional discrimination that had characterized the sport since the 19th century. *[[Roy Campanella]] *[[Joe DiMaggio]] *[[Bill Dickey]] *[[Larry Doby]] *[[Bob Feller]] *[[Josh Gibson]] *[[Hank Greenberg]] *[[Monte Irvin]] *[[Buck Leonard]] *[[Johnny Mize]] *[[Stan Musial]] *[[Satchel Paige]] *[[Branch Rickey]] *[[Jackie Robinson]] *[[Ted Williams]] ====Boxing==== [[File:Joe Louis by van Vechten.jpg|right|upright|thumb|[[Joe Louis]] in 1941, world [[List of Heavyweight Champions|heavyweight boxing champion]]]] {{See also|Ring Magazine fighters of the year|List of The Ring world champions}} During the mid-1930s and throughout the years leading up to the 1940s [[Joe Louis]] was an enormously popular Heavyweight boxer. In 1936, he lost an important 12 round fight (his first loss) to the German boxer [[Max Schmeling]] and he vowed to meet Schmeling once again in the ring. Louis' comeback bout against Schmeling became an international symbol of the struggle between the US and democracy against Nazism and Fascism. When on June 22, 1938, Louis knocked Schmeling out in the first few seconds of the first round during their rematch at [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]], his sensational comeback victory riveted the entire nation. Louis enlisted in the [[U.S. Army]] on January 10, 1942, in response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Louis' cultural impact was felt well outside the ring. He is widely regarded as the first [[African American]] to achieve the status of a nationwide hero within the United States, and was also a focal point of anti-Nazi sentiment leading up to and during [[World War II]].<ref name=matters>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kC4qYeafQzMC&pg=PA64 |location=New York |title=Sports Matters: Race, Recreation, and Culture |editor=John Bloom |editor2=Michael Nevin Willard |year=2002 |publisher=New York University Press |isbn=978-0-8147-9882-9 |pages=46–47 |author1=Bloom, John |author2=Willard, Michael Nevin}}</ref> *[[Buddy Baer]] *[[Ezzard Charles]] *[[Billy Conn]] *[[Rocky Graziano]] *[[Joe Louis]] *[[Sugar Ray Robinson]] *[[Max Schmeling]] *[[Jersey Joe Walcott]] *[[Tony Zale]] ====Track and Field====
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