Editing Łódź (section)

===Transport===
[[File:Łódź Fabryczna - hol dworca (1).JPG|thumb|Main hall of the Łódź Fabryczna station]]

Łódź is situated near the geographical centre of Poland, only a short distance away from the motorway junction in [[Stryków]] where the two main north–south ([[National road 1 (Poland)|A1]]) and east–west ([[A2 autostrada (Poland)|A2]]) Polish transport corridors meet, which positions the city on two of the ten major trans-European routes: from [[Gdańsk]] to [[Žilina]] and [[Brno]] and from [[Berlin]] to [[Moscow]] via [[Warsaw]].<ref name="Wiśniewski">{{cite journal |last1=Wiśniewski |first1=Szymon |date=2017 |title=Łódź in the Regional and National Transportation System |journal=Space-Society-Economy |volume=19 |issue=19 |pages=65–86 |doi=10.18778/1733-3180.19.04 |url=http://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11089/22640/0_4_%5b65%5d-86_Wi%c5%9bniewski.pdf |issn=1733-3180 |access-date=17 July 2018 |doi-access=free |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717212553/http://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11089/22640/0_4_%5b65%5d-86_Wi%c5%9bniewski.pdf |url-status=live }} p. 66.</ref> It is also part of the [[Eurasian Land Bridge|New Silk Road]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Shepard |first=Wade |title=Europe Finally Wakes Up To The New Silk Road, And This Could Be Big |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2016/11/10/europe-finally-wakes-up-to-the-new-silk-road |work=Forbes |date=10 November 2016 |access-date=22 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722130308/https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2016/11/10/europe-finally-wakes-up-to-the-new-silk-road |url-status=live }}</ref> a regular cargo rail connection with the Chinese city of [[Chengdu]] operating since 2013.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bentyn |first1=Zbigniew |date=2016 |title=Poland as a Regional Logistic Hub Serving the Development of the Northern Corridor of the New Silk Route |journal=Journal of Management, Marketing and Logistics |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=135–44 |url=http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/jmml/article/download/5000196803/5000170450 |issn=2148-6670 |access-date=20 July 2018 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722132124/http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/jmml/article/download/5000196803/5000170450 |url-status=dead }} (p. 142).</ref> Łódź is served by the [[national roads in Poland|national motorway network]], an international airport, and long-distance and regional railways. It is at the centre of a [[regional rail|regional]] and [[commuter rail]] network operating from the city's various train stations. Bus and tram services are operated by a municipal public transport company. There are {{convert|193|km|abbr=on}} of bicycle routes throughout the city (as in January 2019).<ref>{{cite web| url=https://rowerowalodz.pl/infrastruktura/statystyki-rowerowek| title=Statystyki rowerówek| trans-title=Bike roads statistics| website=rowerowalodz.pl| access-date=2020-11-10| language=pl| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815195139/https://rowerowalodz.pl/infrastruktura/statystyki-rowerowek| archive-date=2019-08-15| url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:LodzDocelowyUkladDrog.svg|thumb|left|Major road network in the city (2009)]]

Major roads include:
* [[A1 autostrada (Poland)|A1]]: Gdańsk – Toruń – Łódź – Częstochowa – Cieszyn (national border)
* [[A2 autostrada (Poland)|A2]]: Świecko (national border) – Poznań – Łódź – Warszawa
* [[Expressway S8 (Poland)|S8]]: Wrocław – Sieradz – Łódź – Piotrków Trybunalski – Warszawa – Białystok
* [[Expressway S14 (Poland)|S14]]: Pabianice – Konstantynów Łódzki – Aleksandrów Łódzki – Zgierz
* DK14: Łowicz – Stryków – Łódź – Zduńska Wola – Sieradz – Złoczew – Walichnowy
* DK72: Konin – Turek – Poddębice – Łódź – Brzeziny – Rawa Mazowiecka
* [[National road 91 (Poland)|DK91]]: Gdańsk – Tczew – Toruń – Łódź – Piotrków Trybunalski – Radomsko – Częstochowa

====Airport====
{{main|Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport}}
The city has an international airport: [[Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport]] located {{convert|6|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} from the city centre. Flights connect the city with destinations in Europe including Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lotnisko.lodz.pl/en/our-destinations.html|title=Our destinations – Port Lotniczy Łódź im. Władysława Reymonta|last=www.lifemotion.pl|work=lodz.pl|access-date=28 January 2016|archive-date=3 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203093413/http://lotnisko.lodz.pl/en/our-destinations.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014 the airport handled 253,772 passengers.<ref>Wiśniewski, p. 79.</ref> It is the 8th largest airport in Poland.<ref>Statistic taken from the Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport Wikipedia article on 19 July 2015.</ref>{{circular reference|date=August 2020}}

====Public transport====
{{see also|Trams in Łódź}}
[[File:Pesa Swing and Moderus Gamma Łódź Olechów (2).jpg|thumb|right|Trams in Łódź]]
[[File:Transfer station Piotrkowska-Centrum, Łódź Piłsudskiego Av. November 2015 01.jpg|thumb|right|Piotrkowska Centrum tram station, also known as "The Unicorn Stable"]]
The Municipal Transport Company – Łódź (Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne – Łódź), owned by the Łódź City Government, is responsible for operating 58 bus routes and 19 tram lines.<ref>Sourced from the Łódź article on the Polish Wikipedia site on 19 July 2015</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mpk.lodz.pl/showarticleslist.action?category=1079&About%20MPK|title=About MPK – MPK-Lodz Spolka z o.o.|work=lodz.pl|access-date=12 October 2016|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408125533/http://www.mpk.lodz.pl/showarticleslist.action?category=1079&About%20MPK|url-status=live}}</ref> The tram network is one of the longest in the country and was the first electrified cable tramway in [[Congress Poland]], beginning its operation on 23 December 1898. The regional tramway network also connects Łódź with the adjacent cities of [[Pabianice]] (since 2023) and [[Konstantynów Łódzki]] (since 2024), which are within the Łódź Agglomeration. The rolling stock largely comprises older but modernised wagons by [[Konstal]] and newer Polish-manufactured types such as [[Pesa Swing]] and [[Moderus Gamma]]. Among the popular models for buses are Mercedes Conecto LF and [[Solaris Urbino 18]].

====Rail====
Łódź has a number of long distance and local railway stations. There are two main stations in the city, but with no direct rail connection between them—a legacy of 19th-century railway network planning. Originally constructed in 1866, the centrally-located [[Łódź Fabryczna]] was a [[terminus station]] for a branch line of the [[Warsaw-Vienna railway]],<ref>Grzegorczyk, p. 144.</ref> whereas [[Łódź Kaliska railway station|Łódź Kaliska]] was built more than thirty years later on the central section of the [[Warsaw-Kalisz Railway|Warsaw-Kalisz railway]]. For this reason most intercity train traffic goes to this day through Łódź Kaliska station, despite its relative distance from the city centre, and Łódź Fabryczna serves mainly as a terminal station for trains to [[Warsaw]]. The situation will be remedied in 2026 after the construction of a tunnel connecting the two,<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/lodz-tunel-srednicowy--kolejne-dwa-lata-opoznienia-117918.html |title= Łódź: Tunel średnicowy – kolejne dwa lata opóźnienia |access-date= 26 April 2024 |archive-date= 11 April 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240411125402/https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/lodz-tunel-srednicowy--kolejne-dwa-lata-opoznienia-117918.html |url-status= live }}</ref> which is likely to make Łódź Poland's main railway hub.<ref name="dworzec">{{cite news |url=http://www.tvn24.pl/lodz,69/tak-bedzie-wygladalo-lodzkie-prawie-metro,696399.html |title=Superdworzec już jest, będzie (prawie) metro. Łódź ma być komunikacyjnym centrum kraju |date=2 December 2016 |website=TVN24 |access-date=3 August 2017 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010217/https://www.tvn24.pl/lodz,69/tak-bedzie-wygladalo-lodzkie-prawie-metro,696399.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The tunnel will additionally serve [[Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna|Łódź Commuter Railway]], providing a [[rapid transit]] system for the city, dubbed the Łódź Metro by the media and local authorities.<ref name="metro">{{cite web |url=http://lodz.wyborcza.pl/lodz/1,44788,20093817,lodz-bedzie-miala-metro-i-to-juz-niedlugo.html |title=Łódź będzie miała 'metro'. I to już niedługo |date=18 May 2016 |website=Wyborcza.pl: Magazyn Łódź. |access-date=3 August 2017 |archive-date=19 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919090758/http://lodz.wyborcza.pl/lodz/1,44788,20093817,lodz-bedzie-miala-metro-i-to-juz-niedlugo.html? |url-status=live }}</ref> Three new stations are being constructed on the underground line, one serving the needs of the [[Manufaktura]] complex, another one serving Koziny neighbourhood and the third one located in the area of [[Piotrkowska Street]].<ref name="metro" />
[[File:Stadler FLIRT 100-lecie Bitwy Warszawskiej (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna]] is a commuter and regional rail service in Łódź]]

In December 2016, a few years after the demolition of the old building of {{lang|pl|Łódź Fabryczna|italic=no}} station, a [[Łódź Fabryczna|new underground station]] was opened.<ref name="dworzec" /> It is considered to be the largest and most modern of all train stations in Poland and is designed to handle increased traffic after the construction of the tunnel.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rogaczewska |first=Beata |url=http://www.rp.pl/Zycie-Ziemi-Lodzkiej/311019890-Lodz-Fabryczna-najwiekszy-podziemny-dworzec-kolejowy-w-Polsce-i-trzeci-w-Europie.html |title=Łódź Fabryczna: największy podziemny dworzec kolejowy w Polsce i trzeci w Europie |date=1 November 2016 |website=rp.pl |access-date=3 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804052923/http://www.rp.pl/Zycie-Ziemi-Lodzkiej/311019890-Lodz-Fabryczna-najwiekszy-podziemny-dworzec-kolejowy-w-Polsce-i-trzeci-w-Europie.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It also serves as a multimodal transport hub, featuring an underground intercity bus station, and is integrated with a new transport interchange serving taxis and local trams and buses.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kozlowski |first1=Remigiusz |last2=Palczewska |first2=Anna |last3=Jablonski |first3=Jakub |chapter=The Scope and Capabilities of ITS – The Case of Łódź |editor1-last=Mikulski |editor1-first=Jerzy |date=2016 |title=Challenge of Transport Telematics |publisher=Springer |pages=305–16 |isbn=9783319496450}} (p. 308)</ref> The construction of the new Łódź Fabryczna station was part of a broader project of [[urban renewal]] known as [[Nowe Centrum Łodzi]] (New Centre of Łódź).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://urbact.eu/new-centre-%C5%82%C3%B3d%C5%BA-has-local-action-plan-0|title=The New Centre of Łódź has a Local Action Plan – URBACT|work=urbact.eu|access-date=19 July 2015|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308031712/https://urbact.eu/new-centre-%C5%82%C3%B3d%C5%BA-has-local-action-plan-0|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The third-largest train station in Łódź is [[Łódź Widzew railway station|Łódź Widzew]]. There are also many other stations and train stops in the city, many of which were upgraded as part of the [[Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna]] commuter rail project. The rail service, founded as part of a major regional rail upgrade and owned by [[Łódź Voivodeship]], operates on routes to [[Kutno]], [[Sieradz]], [[Skierniewice]], [[Łowicz]], and on selected days to [[Warsaw]], with plans for further expansion after the construction of the tunnel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/29253/rekorodowy-rok-lodzkiej-kolei-aglomeracyjnej.html |title=Rekordowy rok Łódzkiej Kolei Aglomeracyjnej |date=22 December 2016 |access-date=3 August 2017 |website=kurierkolejowy.eu |archive-date=4 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804113106/https://kurierkolejowy.eu/aktualnosci/29253/rekorodowy-rok-lodzkiej-kolei-aglomeracyjnej.html |url-status=live }}</ref>