Editing Ātman (Hinduism) (section)

====Mimamsa====
''Ātman'', in the ritualism-based [[Mīmāṃsā]] school of Hinduism, is an eternal, omnipresent, inherently active essence that is identified as I-consciousness.<ref name=ptraju2>PT Raju (2008), The Philosophical Traditions of India, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415461214}}, pages 79-80</ref><ref name=chrisbartley>Chris Bartley (2013), Purva Mimamsa, in Encyclopaedia of Asian Philosophy (Editor: Oliver Leaman), Routledge, 978-0415862530, page 443-445</ref> Unlike all other schools of Hinduism, Mimamsaka scholars considered ego and ''Atman'' as the same. Within Mimamsa school, there was divergence of beliefs. [[Kumārila Bhaṭṭa|Kumārila]], for example, believed that ''Atman'' is the object of I-consciousness, whereas [[Prabhākara]] believed that ''Atman'' is the subject of I-consciousness.<ref name=ptraju2/> Mimamsaka Hindus believed that what matters is virtuous actions and rituals completed with perfection, and it is this that creates merit and imprints knowledge on ''Atman'', whether one is aware or not aware of ''Atman''. Their foremost emphasis was formulation and understanding of laws/duties/virtuous life (''[[dharma]]'') and consequent perfect execution of ''kriyas'' (actions). The Upanishadic discussion of ''Atman'', to them, was of secondary importance.<ref name=chrisbartley/><ref>Oliver Leaman (2006), Shruti, in Encyclopaedia of Asian Philosophy, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415862530}}, page 503</ref> While other schools disagreed and discarded the ''Atma'' theory of Mimamsa, they incorporated Mimamsa theories on ethics, self-discipline, action, and dharma as necessary in one's journey toward knowing one's ''Atman''.<ref>PT Raju (2008), The Philosophical Traditions of India, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0415461214}}, pages 82-85</ref><ref>PT Raju (1985), Structural Depths of Indian Thought, State University of New York Press, {{ISBN|978-0887061394}}, pages 54-63; Michael C. Brannigan (2009), Striking a Balance: A Primer in Traditional Asian Values, Rowman & Littlefield, {{ISBN|978-0739138465}}, page 15</ref>