Editing Zebra (section)

==Conservation==
[[File:Equus zebra hartmannae fur skin.jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=Mountain zebra hide | Mountain zebra hide]]
As of 2016–2019, the [[IUCN Red List]] of mammals lists Grévy's zebra as [[Endangered species|endangered]], the mountain zebra as [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]] and the plains zebra as [[Near-threatened species|near-threatened]]. Grévy's zebra populations are estimated at less than 2,000 mature individuals, but they are stable. Mountain zebras number near 35,000 individuals and their population appears to be increasing. Plains zebra are estimated to number 150,000–250,000 with a decreasing population trend. Human intervention has fragmented zebra ranges and populations. Zebras are threatened by hunting for their hide and meat, and [[habitat destruction]]. They also compete with livestock and have their travelling routes obstruct by fences.<ref name="iucn-grevyi">{{cite iucn |author=Rubenstein|first= D. |author2=Low Mackey|first2= B. |author3=Davidson|first3= Z. D. |author4=Kebede|first4= F. |author5=King|first5= S. R. B. |year=2016 |title=''Equus grevyi'' |access-date=24 May 2020 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7950/89624491}}</ref><ref name="iucn-zebra">{{cite iucn |author=Gosling|first= L. M. |author2=Muntifering|first2= J. |author3=Kolberg|first3= H. |author4=Uiseb|first4= K. |author5=King|first5= S. R. B. |year=2016 |title=''Equus zebra'' |access-date=24 May 2020 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7960/160755590}}</ref><ref name="iucn-quagga">{{cite iucn |author=King|first= S. R. B. |author2=Moehlman|first2= P. D. |year=2016 |title=''Equus quagga'' |access-date=24 May 2020 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41013/45172424}}</ref> Civil wars in some countries have also caused declines in zebra populations.<ref name="Moehlman 2002">{{cite book |editor=Moehlman|editor-first= P. D. |year=2002 |title=Equids. Zebras, Asses and Horses. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |publisher=IUCN/SSC Equid Specialist Group. IUCN |contribution=Status and Action Plan for the Plains Zebra (''Equus burchelli'') |first1=Mace A.|last1= Hack|first2= Rod|last2= East|first3= Dan J.|last3= Rubenstein |page=51 |isbn=978-2-8317-0647-4}}</ref> By the early 20th century, zebra skins were being used to make rugs and chairs. In the 21st century, zebras may be taken by [[trophy hunting|trophy hunters]] as zebra skin rugs sell for $1,000 to $2,000. Trophy hunting was rare among African peoples though the San were known to hunt zebra for meat.{{sfn|Plumb|Shaw|2018|pp=41, 132–133}}
[[File:Samburu Grevy's zebra.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A herd of Grévy's zebras in Samburu National Reserve | Endangered Grévy's zebras in [[Samburu National Reserve]]]]
The [[quagga]] (''E. quagga quagga'') population was hunted by early Dutch settlers and later by [[Afrikaner]]s to provide meat or for their skins. The skins were traded or used locally. The quagga was probably vulnerable to extinction due to its restricted range, and because they were easy to find in large groups. The last known wild quagga died in 1878.<ref name="Weddell">{{cite book |author=Weddell|first= B. J. |year=2002 |title=Conserving Living Natural Resources: In the Context of a Changing World |url=https://archive.org/details/conservingliving00wedd |url-access=limited |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/conservingliving00wedd/page/n63 46] |isbn=978-0-521-78812-0}}</ref> The last captive quagga, a female in Amsterdam's [[Natura Artis Magistra]] zoo, lived there from 9&nbsp;May 1867 until it died on 12&nbsp;August 1883.<ref name="ungulates">{{cite journal |last=Van Bruggen |first=A. C. |title=Illustrated notes on some extinct South African ungulates |journal=[[South African Journal of Science]] |volume=55 |year=1959 |pages=197–200 }}</ref> The [[Cape mountain zebra]], a subspecies of mountain zebra, nearly went extinct due to hunting and habitat destruction, with less than 50 individuals left by the 1950s. Protections from [[South African National Parks]] allowed the population to rise to 2,600 by the 2010s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kotzé|first1= A. |last2=Smith|first2= R. M. |last3=Moodley|first3= Y. |last4=Luikart|first4= G. |last5=Birss|first5= C. |last6=Van Wyk|first6= A. M. |last7=Grobler|first7= J. P. |last8=Dalton|first8= D. L. |year=2019 |title=Lessons for conservation management: Monitoring temporal changes in genetic diversity of Cape mountain zebra (''Equus zebra zebra'') |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |issue=7 |page=e0220331 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0220331 |pmid= 31365543 |pmc= 6668792 |bibcode= 2019PLoSO..1420331K |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Zebras can be found in numerous protected areas. Important areas for Grévy's zebra include [[Yabelo Wildlife Sanctuary]] and [[Chelbi Wildlife Sanctuary|Chelbi Sanctuary]] in Ethiopia and [[Buffalo Springs National Reserve|Buffalo Springs]], [[Samburu National Reserve|Samburu]] and [[Shaba National Reserve|Shaba]] National Reserves in [[Kenya]].<ref name="iucn-grevyi" /> The plains zebra inhabits the [[Serengeti National Park]] in Tanzania, [[Tsavo]] and [[Masai Mara]] in Kenya, [[Hwange National Park]] in Zimbabwe, [[Etosha National Park]] in [[Namibia]], and [[Kruger National Park]] in [[South Africa]].<ref name="iucn-quagga" /> Mountain zebras are protected in [[Mountain Zebra National Park]], [[Karoo National Park]] and [[Goegap Nature Reserve]] in South Africa as well as Etosha and [[Namib-Naukluft Park]] in Namibia.<ref name="iucn-zebra" /><ref>{{cite web |author=Hamunyela|first= Elly |title=The status of Namibia's Hartmann's zebra |date= 27 March 2017 |publisher=Travel News Namibia |url=https://www.travelnewsnamibia.com/news/status-namibias-hartmanns-zebra/ |access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref>