Editing Yeast (section)

=== Scientific research ===
[[File:Yeast cell english.svg|thumb|right|Diagram showing a yeast cell]]

Several yeasts, in particular ''[[S.&nbsp;cerevisiae]]'' and ''[[S. pombe]]'', have been widely used in genetics and cell biology, largely because they are simple [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] cells, serving as a model for all eukaryotes, including humans, for the study of fundamental cellular processes such as the [[cell cycle]], [[DNA replication]], [[genetic recombination|recombination]], [[cell division]], and metabolism. Also, yeasts are easily manipulated and cultured in the laboratory, which has allowed for the development of powerful standard techniques, such as [[yeast two-hybrid]],<ref name="Brückner-2009"/> [[synthetic genetic array]] analysis,<ref name="Boone-2006"/> and [[tetrad (genetics)|tetrad analysis]]. Many proteins important in human biology were first discovered by studying their [[homology (biology)|homologues]] in yeast; these proteins include [[cell cycle protein]]s, [[Cell signaling|signaling proteins]], and protein-processing [[enzyme]]s.<ref name="Ishiwata-2007"/>

On 24 April 1996, ''S.&nbsp;cerevisiae'' was announced to be the first eukaryote to have its [[genome]], consisting of 12 million [[base pair]]s, fully sequenced as part of the [[Genome Project]].<ref name="Williams-1996"/> At the time, it was the most complex organism to have its full genome sequenced, and the work of seven years and the involvement of more than 100 laboratories to accomplish.<ref name="Henahan-1996"/> The second yeast species to have its genome sequenced was ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'', which was completed in 2002.<ref name="Wood-2002"/><ref name="Reinert-2002"/> It was the sixth eukaryotic genome sequenced and consists of 13.8&nbsp;million base pairs. As of 2014, over 50 yeast species have had their genomes sequenced and published.<ref name="Lin-2014"/>

Genomic and functional gene annotation of the two major yeast models can be accessed via their respective [[model organism databases]]: SGD<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yeastgenome.org |title=About SGD |website=Saccharomyces Genome Database}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cherry |first1=JM |last2=Hong |first2=EL |last3=Amundsen |first3=C |last4=Balakrishnan |first4=R |last5=Binkley |first5=G |last6=Chan |first6=ET |last7=Christie |first7=KR |last8=Costanzo |first8=MC |last9=Dwight |first9=SS |last10=Engel |first10=SR |last11=Fisk |first11=DG |last12=Hirschman |first12=JE |last13=Hitz |first13=BC |last14=Karra |first14=K |last15=Krieger |first15=CJ |last16=Miyasato |first16=SR |last17=Nash |first17=RS |last18=Park |first18=J |last19=Skrzypek |first19=MS |last20=Simison |first20=M |last21=Weng |first21=S |last22=Wong |first22=ED |title=Saccharomyces Genome Database: the genomics resource of budding yeast. |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |date=January 2012 |volume=40 |issue=Database issue |pages=D700–5 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkr1029 |pmid=22110037|pmc=3245034 }}</ref> and PomBase.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pombase.org |title=PomBase | website=S. pombe Genome Database}}</ref><ref name="pmid38376816">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rutherford KM, Lera-Ramírez M, Wood V | title = PomBase: a Global Core Biodata Resource—growth, collaboration, and sustainability | journal = Genetics | volume = 227 | issue = 1 | date = May 2024 | pmid = 38376816 | pmc = 11075564  | doi = 10.1093/genetics/iyae007 }}</ref>