Editing Weimar Republic (section)

==== Additional political violence and the Hitler putsch ====
{{See also|Beer Hall Putsch}}
With the proclamation on 21 October 1923 of the [[Rhenish Republic]] came a short-lived secessionist movement in the wake of which sections of the labor force became increasingly radicalized. In [[Saxony]] and [[Thuringia]], Communists won enough seats to participate in governments under Social Democratic minister presidents. In both states the Communists were expelled by [[Reichsexekution|Reich executions]] ({{Lang|de|Reichsexekutionen}}) using [[Article 48 (Weimar Constitution)|Article 48]] of the Weimar Constitution. In the Reichstag, the Social Democrats withdrew their support from Cuno's government and entered a [[Grand coalition (Germany)|grand coalition]] under DVP Chancellor Gustav Stresemann.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sturm |first=Reinhart |date=23 December 2011 |title=Kampf um die Republik 1919–1923: Kommunistische Umsturzversuche |trans-title=Battle for the Republic 1919–1923: Communist Coup Attempts |url=https://www.bpb.de/themen/nationalsozialismus-zweiter-weltkrieg/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39531/kampf-um-die-republik-1919-1923/?p=all#node-content-title-21 |access-date=8 May 2023 |website=Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung |language=de}}</ref>

The nationalist right, especially in Bavaria, branded the breaking off of the Ruhr resistance as treason. In a breach of the Weimar constitution, Bavaria declared a state of emergency, and executive power was transferred to [[Gustav Ritter von Kahr]] as state commissioner general. The Reichswehr under the Chief of Army Command, General [[Hans von Seeckt]], who had his own governmental ambitions directed against left-wing parties and Weimar parliamentary,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mommsen |first=Hans |title=Aufstieg und Untergang der Republik von Weimar. 1918–1933 |publisher=Ullstein |year=1998 |isbn=3-548-26508-1 |location=Berlin |pages=184 |language=de |trans-title=The Rise and Fall of the Republic of Weimar. 1918–1933}}</ref> behaved loyally towards the Stresemann government only with respect to his own interests. In spite of the moves against the governments in Saxony and Thuringia, no action was taken against Bavaria, where Kahr was preparing a military coup aimed at overthrowing the Reich government in cooperation with the Bavarian military under district commander [[Otto von Lossow]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zittel |first=Bernhard |date=1977 |title=Kahr, Gustav Ritter von |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119446901.html#ndbcontent |access-date=19 May 2023 |website=Neue Deutsche Biographie 11 |pages=29–30 |language=de}}</ref>
[[File:Poster of Mein Kampf in Villa Wannsee.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Poster promoting [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]]'s ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' in two paperback volumes for 2.85 Reichsmarks each]]
In 1920, the [[German Workers' Party]] had become the [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]] (NSDAP), or [[Nazi Party]], which would eventually become a driving force in the collapse of the Weimar Republic. [[Adolf Hitler]] named himself chairman of the party in July 1921. On 8 November 1923, in a pact with [[Erich Ludendorff]], a league of nationalist fighting societies called the ''[[Kampfbund]],'' took over a meeting that Kahr and Lossow were holding at a beer hall in Munich. Ludendorff and Hitler declared that the Weimar government was deposed and that they were planning to take control of Munich the following day. Kahr and Lossow organized the resistance to Hitler, with the result that the [[Beer Hall Putsch|coup attempt]] was easily stopped.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menges |first=Franz |date=1987 |title=Lossow, Otto von |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd128549769.html#ndbcontent |website=Neue Deutsche Biographie 15 |pages=204–205}}</ref> Hitler was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison for high treason, the minimum sentence for the charge. He served less than eight months in a comfortable cell, receiving a daily stream of visitors until his release on 20 December 1924. While in jail Hitler dictated ''[[Mein Kampf]]'', which laid out his ideas and future policies. Hitler decided to focus in the future on legal methods of gaining power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Munich Putsch |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Beer-Hall-Putsch/The-Munich-Putsch |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=[[Britannica]]}}</ref>