Editing University of Rochester (section)

==Academics==
The University of Rochester's [[undergraduate]] enrollment includes approximately 6,400 full-time and about 330 part-time students from across the U.S. and over 115 countries.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admissions |first=Undergraduate |title=University Facts |url=https://admissions.rochester.edu/campus-life/university-facts/ |access-date=October 5, 2023 |website=Undergraduate Admissions |language=en-US |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928171518/https://admissions.rochester.edu/campus-life/university-facts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Graduate enrollment includes approximately 3,750 full-time and about 1,600 part-time [[graduate student]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admissions |first=Undergraduate |title=University Facts |url=https://admissions.rochester.edu/campus-life/university-facts/ |access-date=October 5, 2023 |website=Undergraduate Admissions |language=en-US |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928171518/https://admissions.rochester.edu/campus-life/university-facts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The university has more than 103,000 living alumni and employs nearly 2,300 tenure-track faculty, with more than 20,000 faculty and staff across the university and the Strong Health System.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.rochester.edu/aboutus/|work=University of Rochester|access-date=February 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718174007/http://www.rochester.edu/aboutus/|archive-date=July 18, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The only required undergraduate course is the first-year writing seminar. In lieu of a core curriculum, undergraduates complete coursework in each of three disciplines: [[humanities]], [[social sciences]], and [[natural sciences]]. Students choose a major, consisting of more than ten courses, and a cluster, consisting of three related courses. The student must ensure at least a cluster is met in each discipline; however, second majors and minors are often used to fulfill these requirements. Students who pursue [[ABET|accredited]] [[engineering]] fields are exempt from this system and are required to have only one humanities or social science cluster.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clusters |url=https://www.rochester.edu/college/ccas/undergraduate/curriculum/clusters.html |access-date=October 5, 2023 |website=www.rochester.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006023051/https://www.rochester.edu/college/ccas/undergraduate/curriculum/clusters.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Research===
Rochester is a member of the [[Association of American Universities]] and is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity".<ref>{{cite web |title=University of Rochester |url=https://www.aau.edu/who-we-are/our-members/university-rochester |website=www.aau.edu |publisher=Association of American Universities (AAU) |access-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718023435/https://www.aau.edu/who-we-are/our-members/university-rochester |archive-date=July 18, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup |url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=195030 |publisher=Center for Postsecondary Education |website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu |access-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726110054/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=195030 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rochester had a research expenditure of $450 million in 2022.<ref name="2018 R&D">{{cite web |title=Higher Education Research and Development (HERD) Survey2022 |url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |access-date=March 13, 2022 |website=ncsesdata.nsf.gov |publisher=[[National Science Foundation]] |archive-date=July 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711133048/https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008, Rochester ranked 44th nationally in research spending, but this ranking has declined gradually to 65 in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Higher Education Research and Development (HERD) Survey2022 |url=https://ncses.nsf.gov/surveys/higher-education-research-development/2022 |access-date=July 26, 2020 |website=ncsesdata.nsf.gov |publisher=NSF |archive-date=December 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213061842/https://ncses.nsf.gov/surveys/higher-education-research-development/2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some of the major research centers include the [[Laboratory for Laser Energetics]], a laser-based [[nuclear fusion]] facility, and the extensive research facilities at the [[University of Rochester Medical Center]]. Recently, the university has also engaged in a series of new initiatives to expand its programs in [[biomedical engineering]] and [[optics]], including the construction of the new $37 million Robert B. Goergen Hall for Biomedical Engineering and Optics on the River Campus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rochester.edu/news/show.php?id=2659|title=Senator Robach Awards $3 Million for Biomedical Optics Research|website=http|access-date=January 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107221528/http://www.rochester.edu/news/show.php?id=2659|archive-date=January 7, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Other new research initiatives include a [[cancer stem cell]] program and a Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute.<ref>[http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/pr/news/story.cfm?id=1233 URMC Press Release:] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622123926/http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/pr/news/story.cfm?id=1233 |date=June 22, 2009 }} Wilmot Launches Cancer Stem Cell Research Program</ref><ref>[http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/ctsi/ URMC:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080204131122/http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/ctsi/ |date=February 4, 2008 }} The New Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute</ref> The university also has the ninth highest [[Patent portfolio|technology revenue]] among U.S. higher education institutions, with $46 million being paid for commercial rights to university technology and research in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rochester.edu/ventures/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Annual_Report_FY2009.pdf |title=Technology Commercialization Annual Report Fiscal Year 2009 |access-date=January 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112215800/http://www.rochester.edu/ventures/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Annual_Report_FY2009.pdf |archive-date=January 12, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Notable patents include Zoloft and [[Gardasil]]. [[WeBWorK]], a web-based system for checking homework and providing immediate feedback for students, was developed by University of Rochester professors Gage and Pizer. The system is now in use at over 800 universities and colleges, as well as several secondary and primary schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webwork.maa.org/wiki/WeBWorK_Sites|title=WeBWorK Sites - WeBWorK|website=webwork.maa.org|access-date=March 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313105538/http://webwork.maa.org/wiki/WeBWorK_Sites|archive-date=March 13, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Rochester scientists work in diverse areas. For example, physicists developed a technique for etching metal surfaces, such as platinum, titanium, and brass, with powerful lasers, enabling self-cleaning surfaces that repel water droplets and will not rust if tilted at a 4-degree angle;<ref>January 21, 2015, BBC News, [https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30915266 Laser-etched metal 'bounces' water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615022815/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30915266 |date=June 15, 2018 }}, Retrieved January 21, 2015a, "...the technique could help produce hygienic, easily-maintained devices - from solar panels to toilets - that do no rust or ice up.... The team, from the University of Rochester..."</ref> and medical researchers are exploring how brains rid themselves of toxic waste during sleep.<ref name="twsWashPost">Meeri Kim, October 19, 2013, Washington Post, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/brains-flush-toxic-waste-in-sleep-including-alzheimers-linked-protein-study-of-mice-finds/2013/10/19/9af49e40-377a-11e3-8a0e-4e2cf80831fc_story.html Brains flush toxic waste in sleep, including Alzheimer's-linked protein, study of mice finds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122053654/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/brains-flush-toxic-waste-in-sleep-including-alzheimers-linked-protein-study-of-mice-finds/2013/10/19/9af49e40-377a-11e3-8a0e-4e2cf80831fc_story.html |date=November 22, 2017 }}, Retrieved January 22, 2015, "...study author and University of Rochester neurosurgeon Maiken Nedergaard...."</ref>

=== Colleges of Arts, Sciences and Engineering ===
{{Main|University of Rochester College of Arts Sciences and Engineering}}
Arts, Sciences and Engineering (ASE) at the University of Rochester comprises the School of Arts and Sciences and the Hajim School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Within ASE, the College is home for most undergraduates during their studies at the University of Rochester. The graduate training provided by the departments and programs at ASE account for over 60% of the PhD degrees awarded by the university. With 19 departments, more than a dozen programs, and numerous centers and institutes, Arts & Sciences is the largest school at the university. These include the Goergen Institute for Data Science, the Humanities Center, and the Institute for Performing Arts.

Established in 1958, the Hajim School comprises a variety of programs, departments, and institutes, including Audio and music engineering, Biomedical engineering, Chemical engineering, Computer science, Electrical and computer engineering, the [[Institute of Optics]], and Mechanical engineering. The school has doubled the number of undergraduate students it encompasses since 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Hajim School |url=https://www.hajim.rochester.edu/about/index.html |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=www.hajim.rochester.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006023045/https://www.hajim.rochester.edu/about/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The school was named after Edmund Hajim, a trustee of the university, in 2009 after a $30-million gift to the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rochester's Engineering School Named for Edmund A. Hajim |url=http://www.hajim.rochester.edu/bme/news-events/news/archives/2009/2009-05-15_hajim-school.html |access-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-date=January 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128044809/http://www.hajim.rochester.edu/bme/news-events/news/archives/2009/2009-05-15_hajim-school.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Institute of Optics has been regarded among the premier optics programs in the world.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kingslake |first1=H. G. |last2=Kingslake |first2=R. |date=April 1, 1970 |title=A History of The Institute of Optics |journal=Applied Optics |language=EN |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=789–796 |bibcode=1970ApOpt...9..789K |doi=10.1364/AO.9.000789 |issn=2155-3165 |pmid=20076282}}</ref>
[[File:Eastman School of Music - general view.jpg|thumb|Eastman School in Downtown Rochester]]

=== Eastman School of Music ===
{{Main|Eastman School of Music}}

The Eastman School of Music is a [[music conservatory]] offering both undergraduate and graduate education in a number of [[music]] fields, including [[Music composition|composition]], [[Music theory|theory]], and performance.

=== School of Medicine and Dentistry ===
{{Main|University of Rochester School of Medicine}}
The School of Medicine and Dentistry is a [[medical school|medical]] and [[Dental school|dental]] school with both research and clinical programs.
Established in 1921, the School consists of approximately 1200 full-time faculty members and 650 voluntary clinical faculty members organized into 32 Departments and Centers. Nearly 500 graduate students and 200 postdoctoral appointees are in training.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the School - School of Medicine and Dentistry - University of Rochester Medical Center - University of Rochester Medical Center |url=https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/smd/about.aspx |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=www.urmc.rochester.edu |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004190401/https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/smd/about.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2022, the School received 5669 applications and accepted 70 students from [[American Medical College Application Service|AMCAS]] and 38 students from special matriculating programs, with an acceptance rate of 1.2%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2026 Class Profile |url=https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/MediaLibraries/URMCMedia/2026-Class-Profile.pdf |access-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006023045/https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/MediaLibraries/URMCMedia/2026-Class-Profile.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ''U.S. News'' ranks the school 32nd for research and 40th for primary care.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Rochester - Best Graduate Schools |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/university-of-rochester-04078 |access-date=June 11, 2018 |archive-date=May 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524191819/https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/university-of-rochester-04078 |url-status=live }}</ref> The university is known for its competitive Rochester Early Medical Scholars (REMS) program, an eight-year BA/BS + MD program.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rochester Early Medical Scholars (REMS) |url=https://www.rochester.edu/bulletin/policies/admissions/rems/ |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=www.rochester.edu |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006023045/https://www.rochester.edu/bulletin/policies/admissions/rems/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Admission to the program is separate from admission to the College and requires additional application materials and interviews.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admissions |first=Undergraduate |title=Rochester Early Medical Scholars (REMS) |url=https://admissions.rochester.edu/academics/rems/ |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=Undergraduate Admissions |language=en-US |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006023047/https://admissions.rochester.edu/academics/rems/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The School of Dentistry is known as the [[University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health|Eastman Institute for Oral Health]]. Established in 1905 as Eastman Dental Center, it merged with the university in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Eastman Dental - Eastman Institute of Oral Health - University of Rochester Medical Center |url=https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/dentistry/about/history.aspx |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=www.urmc.rochester.edu |archive-date=December 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205143552/https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/dentistry/about/history.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> As of 2020, it was the 7th top funded institution by the [[National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research]] (NIDCR), part of [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH).<ref>{{Cite web |title=UR/Eastman Institute for Oral Health Ranks 7th in NIH Funding |url=https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/ur-eioh-ranks-7th-in-nih-funding |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=URMC Newsroom |language=en-us |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125004528/https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/ur-eioh-ranks-7th-in-nih-funding |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== School of Nursing ===
The School of Nursing is a [[nursing school]] on the campus of the [[University of Rochester Medical Center]].

=== Warner School of Education ===
{{Main|Margaret Warner Graduate School of Education and Human Development}}
The Warner School of Education is the university's [[Graduate school|graduate]] [[school of education]]. It is located on the River Campus in LeChase Hall.

=== Simon Business School ===
{{Main|Simon Business School}}
Simon Business School is the graduate [[business school]], based out of Schlegel and Gleason Halls on the River Campus.