Editing University of Manchester (section)

===Research===
The University of Manchester is a major centre for research and a member of the [[Russell Group]] of leading British research universities.<ref>[http://www.suttontrust.com/research/innovative-university-admissions-worldwide/innovativeadmissions09.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517094113/http://www.suttontrust.com/research/innovative-university-admissions-worldwide/innovativeadmissions09.pdf|date=17 May 2013}}</ref> In the 2021 [[Research Excellence Framework]], the university was ranked fifth in the UK in terms of research power and eighth for grade point average quality of staff submitted among multi-faculty institutions (tenth when including specialist institutions).<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2022 |title=REF 2021: Quality ratings hit new high in expanded assessment |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ref-2021-research-excellence-framework-results-announced |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Times Higher Education]] |language=en |archive-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614151200/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ref-2021-research-excellence-framework-results-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The University of Manchester : Results : REF 2021 |url=https://results2021.ref.ac.uk/profiles/institutions/10007798 |access-date=21 May 2022 |website=[[Research Excellence Framework]] |archive-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512164132/https://results2021.ref.ac.uk/profiles/institutions/10007798 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2014 [[Research Excellence Framework]], the university was ranked fifth in the UK in terms of research power and fifteenth for grade point average quality of staff submitted among multi-faculty institutions (seventeenth when including specialist institutions).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/ng-interactive/2014/dec/18/university-research-excellence-framework-2014-full-rankings |title=University Research Excellence Framework 2014 – the full rankings |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 December 2014 |access-date=21 August 2018 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140152/https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/ng-interactive/2014/dec/18/university-research-excellence-framework-2014-full-rankings |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="timeshighereducation1">{{cite news |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/Attachments/2014/12/17/g/o/l/sub-14-01.pdf |title=Research Excellence Framework 2014: Overall Ranking of Institutions |work=[[Times Higher Education]] |access-date=21 August 2018 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027013058/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/Attachments/2014/12/17/g/o/l/sub-14-01.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Manchester has the sixth largest research income of any English university (after [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], [[University College London]] (UCL), Cambridge, Imperial and King's College London),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://re.ukri.org/news-events-publications/publications/recurrent-grants-for-academic-year-2018-19/ |title=Recurrent grants for academic year 2018–19 |publisher=[[Research England]] |access-date=21 August 2018 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822114011/https://re.ukri.org/news-events-publications/publications/recurrent-grants-for-academic-year-2018-19/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> and has been informally referred to as part of a "golden diamond" of research-intensive UK institutions (adding Manchester to the Oxford–Cambridge–London "[[Golden triangle (universities)|Golden Triangle]]").<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=190219 |title=Golden diamond outshines rest |work=Times Higher Education |date=23 July 2004 |access-date=20 March 2010 |archive-date=4 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904100953/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=190219 |url-status=live }}</ref> Manchester has a strong record in terms of securing funding from the three main UK research councils, [[EPSRC]], [[Medical Research Council (UK)|Medical Research Council]] (MRC) and [[Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council]] (BBSRC), being ranked fifth,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gow.epsrc.ac.uk/ListOrganisations.aspx?Mode=Inst&Order=INA |title=List Organisations |publisher=Gow.epsrc.ac.uk |date=19 November 2010 |access-date=26 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325060954/http://gow.epsrc.ac.uk/ListOrganisations.aspx?Mode=Inst&Order=INA |archive-date=25 March 2010}}</ref> seventh<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mrc.ac.uk/Fundingopportunities/Applicanthandbook/Successrates/Recipientsoffunding/index.htm |title=Medical Research Council – Recipients of funding |publisher=Mrc.ac.uk |access-date=26 December 2010 |archive-date=20 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220145321/http://www.mrc.ac.uk/Fundingopportunities/Applicanthandbook/Successrates/Recipientsoffunding/index.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and first<ref>{{cite web |author=External Relations |url=http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/organisation/spending/universities.aspx |title=Top funded universities |publisher=BBSRC |date=17 August 2009 |access-date=26 December 2010 |archive-date=15 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115124911/http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/organisation/spending/universities.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> respectively. In addition, the university is one of the richest in the UK in terms of income and interest from endowments: an estimate in 2008 placed it third, surpassed only by Oxford and Cambridge.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/aug/05/universityfunding.highereducation |title=Who is best endowed? Universities with the most income and interest from endowments |work=The Guardian |date=5 August 2008 |access-date=26 December 2010 |location=London |archive-date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603061945/https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2008/aug/05/universityfunding.highereducation |url-status=live }}</ref>

The University of Manchester has attracted the most research income from UK industry of any institution in the country. The figures, from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA), show that Manchester attracted £24,831,000 of research income in 2016–2017 from UK industry, commerce and public corporations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/university-manchester-top-uk-business-research-income/ |title=University of Manchester is top for UK business research income |website=University of Manchester is top for UK business research income |access-date=31 December 2018 |archive-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101100420/https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/university-manchester-top-uk-business-research-income/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Historically, Manchester has been linked with high scientific achievement: the university and its constituent former institutions combined had [[#Nobel Prize winners|25 Nobel laureates]] among their students and staff, the fourth largest number of any single university in the United Kingdom (after Oxford, Cambridge and UCL) and the ninth largest of any university in Europe. Furthermore, according to an academic poll two of the top ten discoveries by university academics and researchers were made at the university (namely the first working computer and the contraceptive pill).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/news/display/?id=5857 |title=Two University of Manchester discoveries in the top ten of all time (The University of Manchester) |publisher=University of Manchester |access-date=26 December 2010 |archive-date=18 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118173015/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/news/display/?id=5857 |url-status=live }}</ref> The university currently employs four Nobel Prize winners amongst its staff, more than any other in the UK.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/manchester-britains-greatest-university-2101828.html |title=Manchester: Britain's greatest university? – Education News, Education |work=The Independent |date=9 October 2010 |access-date=26 December 2010 |location=London |archive-date=6 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606184455/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/manchester-britains-greatest-university-2101828.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Langworthy Professorship, an endowed chair at the university's Department of Physics and Astronomy, has been historically given to a long line of academic luminaries, including Ernest Rutherford (1907–19), Lawrence Bragg (1919–37), Patrick Blackett (1937–53) and more recently Konstantin Novoselov, all of whom have won the Nobel Prize. In 2013 Manchester was given the Regius Professorship in Physics, the only one of its kind in the UK; the current holder is [[Andre Geim]].