Editing Troy (section)

=== Heinrich Schliemann ===
[[File:Die Gartenlaube (1878) b 713.jpg|thumb|left|Heinrich Schliemann]]
In 1868, German businessman [[Heinrich Schliemann]] visited Calvert, and secured permission to excavate Hisarlık. At this point in time, the mound was about 200 meters long and somewhat less than 150 meters wide. It rose 31.2 meters above the plain and 38.5 meters above sea level.

As with Calvert and others, in April 1870 Schliemann began by excavating a trench across the mound of Hisarlık to the depth of the settlements, today called "[[Schliemann's Trench]]".<ref name="Schuchhardt">Schuchhardt (1889)</ref> In 1871–1873 and 1878–1879, 1882 and 1890 (the later two joined by Wilhelm Dörpfeld), he discovered the ruins of a series of ancient cities dating from the [[Bronze Age]] to the Roman period.<ref>Schliemann, Henry, "Recent Discoveries at Troy", The North American Review, vol. 135, no. 311, pp. 339–62, 1882</ref><ref>Luce, J.. "FOUR. TROY, HOMER, AND THE ARCHAEOLOGISTS". Celebrating Homer's Landscapes: Troy and Ithaca Revisited, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2022, pp. 81–110</ref> Schliemann was planning for another excavation season in 1891 when he died in December 1890. He proposed that the second layer, Troy&nbsp;II, corresponded to the city of legend, though later research has shown that it predated the Mycenaean era by several hundred years. Significant finds included many "owl-headed idols" and stone axes from the lower levels.<ref>Yılmaz, Derya, "Some Thoughts on the Troy Type Owl-Headed Idols of Western Anatolia", Praehistorische Zeitschrift 91.2, pp. 369-378, 2016</ref><ref>[http://www.aegeussociety.org/images/uploads/publications/schliemann/Schliemann_2012_65-69_Sugaya.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329071304/http://www.aegeussociety.org/images/uploads/publications/schliemann/Schliemann_2012_65-69_Sugaya.pdf|date=29 March 2023}}Sugaya, Chikako, "The stone axes of Troy", Pp. 65-69 in Αρχαιολογία και Ερρίκος Σλήμαν. Archaeology and Heinrich Schliemann, 2012</ref>

[[File:Golden bottle and goblets.jpg|thumb|Golden bottle and goblets from [[Priam's Treasure]]. [[Pushkin Museum]]]]

Some of the most notable artifacts found by Schliemann are known as [[Priam's Treasure]], after [[Priam of Troy|the legendary Trojan king]]. Many of these ended up in the [[Istanbul Archaeology Museum]]. Almost all the precious metal objects that went to Berlin were confiscated by the Soviet Union in 1945 and are now in [[Pushkin Museum]] in [[Moscow]].<ref>Akimova, Ludmila, and Vladimir Tolstikov, "The Troy treasures in Russia", ANTIQUITY 69, pp. 11-14, 1995</ref> Even in his own time Schliemann's legacy was controversial because of his excavation methods which included removing features he considered insignificant without first studying and documenting them.<ref name="Schuchhardt" />

[[File:Priam's treasure (r).jpg|right|thumb|Artifacts which Schliemann dubbed ''[[Priam's Treasure]]''.]]

[[File:Ilios - the city and country of the Trojans - the results of researches and discoveries on the site of Troy and throughout the Troad in the years 1871-72-73-78-79, including an autobiography of the (14597820599).jpg|thumb|Hisarlık, pictured in 1880. The notch at the top is "Schliemann's Trench".]]