Editing Treason (section)

===Italy===
[[File:Popravení čeští a slovenští legionáři v Davanzo.gif|thumb|upright=1.1|The [[Czechoslovak Legions|Czechoslovak legionnaires]] in Italy executed after being captured by the Austro-Hungarian forces.]]
The [[Italy|Italian]] law defines various types of crimes that could be generally described as treason (''tradimento''), although they are so many and so precisely defined that no one of them is simply called ''tradimento'' in the text of ''Codice Penale'' (Italian Criminal Code). The treason-type crimes are grouped as "crimes against the personhood of the State" (''Crimini contro la personalità dello Stato'') in the Second Book, First Title, of the Criminal Code.

Articles 241 to 274 detail crimes against the "international [[Legal personality|personhood]] of the State" such as "attempt against wholeness, independence and [[Secession|unity of the State]]" (art. 241), "hostilities against a foreign State bringing the Italian State in danger of war" (art. 244), "[[bribery]] of a citizen by a foreigner against the national interests" (art. 246), and "political or military [[espionage]]" (art. 257).

Articles 276 to 292 detail crimes against the "domestic personhood of the State", ranging from "attempt on the [[President of Italy|President of the Republic]]" (art. 271), "attempt with purposes of [[terrorism]] or of [[subversion]]" (art. 280), "attempt against the [[Constitution of Italy|Constitution]]" (art. 283), "armed [[Rebellion|insurrection]] against the power of the State" (art. 284), and "[[civil war]]" (art. 286).

Further articles detail other crimes, especially those of conspiracy, such as "[[List of conspiracies (political)|political conspiracy]] through association" (art. 305), or "armed association: creating and participating" (art. 306).

The penalties for treason-type crimes before the abolition of the [[Kingdom of Italy|monarchy]] in 1948 included [[Capital punishment|death]] as maximum penalty and, for some crimes, as the only penalty possible. Nowadays the maximum penalty is [[life imprisonment]] (''ergastolo'').