Editing Transubstantiation (section)

====Anglicanism====
Transubstantiation is generally rejected in Anglicanism. 
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Elizabeth I gave royal assent to the [[39 Articles]]. The Articles declared that "Transubstantiation (or the change of the substance of Bread and Wine) in the Supper of the Lord, cannot be proved by holy Writ; but is repugnant to the plain words of Scripture, overthroweth the nature of a Sacrament, and hath given occasion to many superstitions." The Elizabethan Settlement accepted the Real Presence of Christ in the Sacrament, but refused to define it, preferring to leave it a mystery. Indeed, for many years it was illegal in Britain to hold public office whilst believing in transubstantiation, as under the [[Test Act 1673|Test Act of 1673]]. Archbishop [[John Tillotson]] decried the "real barbarousness of this Sacrament and Rite of our Religion", considering it a great [[impiety]] to believe that people who attend Holy Communion "verily eat and drink the natural flesh and blood of Christ. And what can any man do more unworthily towards a Friend? How can he possibly use him more barbarously, than to feast upon his living flesh and blood?" (''Discourse against Transubstantiation'', London 1684, 35). In the Church of England today, clergy are required to assent that the 39 Articles have borne witness to the Christian faith.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Common Worship |url=http://www.cofe.anglican.org/worship/liturgy/commonworship/texts/books/mv/preface.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808210713/http://www.cofe.anglican.org/worship/liturgy/commonworship/texts/books/mv/preface.html |archive-date=2008-08-08 |access-date=2008-10-17 |website=cofe.anglican.org}}</ref>
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[[Thomas Cranmer]], the guiding figure of the [[English Reformation|Protestant Reformation in England]], aligned himself with the Eucharistic theology of [[John Calvin]], which is reflected in the 28th Article of the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England: "the Body of Christ is given, taken, and eaten, in the Supper, only after an heavently and spiritual manner." This view is the [[Lord's Supper in Reformed theology|real spiritual presence]] (pneumatic presence) and is held by denominations of the [[Reformed Christianity|Reformed]] (Continental Reformed, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, and Reformed Anglican) tradition.<ref name="González1987"/><ref name="Elwell2001">{{cite book |last1=Elwell |first1=Walter A. |title=Evangelical Dictionary of Theology |date=May 2001 |publisher=Baker Academic |isbn=978-0-8010-2075-9 |page=990 |language=en}}</ref>
 
The Eucharistic teaching labeled "[[receptionism]]", defined by [[Claude Beaufort Moss]] as "the theory that we receive the Body and Blood of Christ when we receive the bread and wine, but they are not identified with the bread and wine which are not changed",<ref>Claude B. Moss, ''The Christian Faith: An Introduction to Dogmatic Theology'' (London: SPCK 1943), p. 366, cited in [https://books.google.com/books?id=YjY2q6aLaMEC&dq=%22defines+receptionism+as+the+theory%22&pg=PA181 Brian Douglas, ''A Companion to Anglican Eucharistic Theology'' (Brill 2012), vol. 2, p. 181]</ref> was commonly held by 16th and 17th-century Anglican theologians. It was characteristic of 17th century thought to "insist on the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, but to profess [[agnosticism]] concerning the manner of the presence". It remained "the dominant theological position in the Church of England until the [[Oxford Movement]] in the early nineteenth century, with varying degrees of emphasis". Importantly, it is "a doctrine of the real presence" but one which "relates the presence primarily to the worthy receiver rather than to the elements of bread and wine".<ref>Crockett, William R. (1988). "Holy Communion". In Sykes, Stephen; Booty, John. ''The Study of Anglicanism''. Philadelphia: SPCK/Fortress Press. p. 275. {{ISBN|978-0800620875}}</ref>

Anglicans generally consider no teaching binding that, according to the Articles, "cannot be found in Holy Scripture or proved thereby", and are not unanimous in the interpretation of such passages as John 6<ref>{{Bibleverse|John|6}}</ref> and 1 Corinthians 11,<ref>{{Bibleverse|1 Corinthians|11}}</ref> although all Anglicans affirm a view of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist: some Anglicans (especially [[Anglo-Catholics]] and some other [[High Church]] Anglicans) hold to a belief in the corporeal presence while [[Evangelical Anglicanism|Evangelical Anglicans]] hold to a belief in the pneumatic presence. As with all Anglicans, Anglo-Catholics and other High Church Anglicans historically held belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist but were "hostile to the doctrine of transubstantiation".<ref name="Poulson1999">{{Cite book |last=Poulson |first=Christine |title=The Quest for the Grail: Arthurian Legend in British Art, 1840–1920 |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0719055379 |page=40 |quote=By the late 1840s Anglo-Catholic interest in the revival of ritual had given new life to doctrinal debate over the nature of the Eucharist. Initially, 'the Tractarians were concerned only to exalt the importance of the sacrament and did not engage in doctrinal speculation'. Indeed they were generally hostile to the doctrine of transubstantiation. For an orthodox Anglo-Catholic such as Dyce the doctrine of the Real Presence was acceptable, but that of transubstantiation was not.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Spurr |first=Barry |title=Anglo-Catholic in Religion |date=2010 |publisher=Lutterworth Press |isbn=978-0718830731 |page=100 |quote=The doctrine had been affirmed by Anglican theologians, through the ages, including Lancelot Andrewes, Jeremy Taylor (who taught the doctrine of the Real Presence at the eucharist, but attacked Roman transubstantiation), William Laud and John Cosin – all in the seventeenth century – as well as in the nineteenth century Tractarians and their successors.}}</ref> A major leader in the Anglo-Catholic [[Oxford Movement]], [[Edward Pusey]], championed the view of [[consubstantiation]]:<ref name="Rigg1895">{{cite book|last=Rigg|first=James Harrison|title=Oxford High Anglicanism and Its Chief Leaders|year=1895|publisher=C. H. Kelly|language=en |page=293}}</ref> 
{{blockquote|I cannot deem it unfair to apply the name of Consubstantiation to a doctrine which teaches, that "the true flesh and true blood of Christ are in the true bread and wine", in such a way that "whatsoever motion or action the bread" and wine have, the body and blood "of Christ also" have "the same"; and that "the substances in both cases" are "so mingled—that they should constitute some one thing".<ref name="Vogan1871">{{cite book|last=Vogan|first=Thomas Stuart Lyle|title=The True Doctrine of the Eucharist|year=1871|publisher=Longmans, Green|language=en |page=54}}</ref>}}
However, in the first half of the twentieth century, the Catholic Propaganda Society upheld both Article XXVIII and the doctrine of transubstantiation, stating that the 39 Articles specifically condemn a pre-Council of Trent "interpretation which was included by some under the term Transubstantiation" in which "the bread and wine were only left as a delusion of the senses after consecration";<ref name="CPS">{{Cite web |title=Transubstantiation and the Black Rubric |url=http://anglicanhistory.org/england/cps/black.html |website=anglicanhistory.org}}</ref> it stated that "this Council propounded its definition after the Articles were written, and so cannot be referred to by them".<ref name=CPS/>

Theological dialogue with the Catholic Church has produced common documents that speak of "substantial agreement" about the doctrine of the Eucharist: the ARCIC Windsor Statement of 1971,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Unione Web Site – Full Text ARCIC Eucharist |url=http://www.prounione.urbe.it/dia-int/arcic/doc/e_arcic_eucharist.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017012613/http://www.prounione.urbe.it/dia-int/arcic/doc/e_arcic_eucharist.html |archive-date=2018-10-17 |access-date=2006-01-03 |website=prounione.urbe.it}}</ref> and its 1979 Elucidation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Unione Web Site – Full Text ARCIC Elucidation Eucharist |url=http://www.prounione.urbe.it/dia-int/arcic/doc/e_arcic_elucid_euch.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008082332/http://www.prounione.urbe.it/dia-int/arcic/doc/e_arcic_elucid_euch.html |archive-date=2018-10-08 |access-date=2006-01-03 |website=prounione.urbe.it}}</ref> Remaining arguments can be found in the Church of England's pastoral letter: ''The Eucharist: Sacrament of Unity''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Council for Christian Unity |url=http://www.cofe.anglican.org/info/ccu/england/catholics/eucharist.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218121033/http://www.cofe.anglican.org/info/ccu/england/catholics/eucharist.pdf |archive-date=2006-02-18 |access-date=2006-01-03 |website=cofe.anglican.org}}</ref>