Editing Tourmaline (section)

=== Africa ===
[[File:Paraiba-Turmalin-Mosambik-G-EmpireTheWorldOfGems.jpg|thumb|left|Paraiba tourmaline from Mozambique]]

In the late 1990s, copper-containing tourmaline was found in [[Nigeria]]. The material was generally paler and less saturated than the Brazilian materials, although the material generally was much less included. A more recent African discovery from [[Mozambique]] has also produced tourmaline colored by copper, similar to the Brazilian paraiba. The Mozambique paraiba material usually is more intensely colored than the Nigerian and Mozambique Paraiba tourmaline have similar colors to the Brazilian Paraiba, but the prices are relatively cheaper, better clarity and larger sizes. In recent years the pricing of these beautiful gemstones has increased significantly.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.starlanka.com/gemstones/paraiba-tourmaline/ |title="Paraiba Tourmaline"-type Copper-bearing Tourmaline from Brazil, Nigeria, and Mozambique}}</ref>

Another highly valuable variety is chrome tourmaline, a rare type of dravite tourmaline from [[Tanzania]]. Chrome tourmaline is a rich green color due to the presence of chromium atoms in the crystal. Of the standard elbaite colors, blue indicolite gems are typically the most valuable,<ref name=Grande-Augustyn>{{cite book |first1= Allison |last1= Augustyn |first2= Lance |last2= Grande |title=Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World |year=2009 |publisher= University of Chicago Press| isbn= 978-0226305110| page= 152| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&q=blue+indicolite+tourmaline+most+valuable&pg=PA152|url-status= live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180429010238/https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&pg=PA152&dq=blue+indicolite+tourmaline+most+valuable&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CoamUcnmOIiAhAfE74FA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=blue%20indicolite%20tourmaline%20most%20valuable&f=false |archive-date=2018-04-29 |via= Google Books}}</ref> followed by green verdelite and pink to red rubellite.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.minerals.net/gemstone/tourmaline_gemstone.aspx |title= Tourmaline: The gemstone Tourmaline information and pictures |website= minerals.net |access-date= 2018-01-04 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171016042357/http://www.minerals.net/gemstone/tourmaline_gemstone.aspx |archive-date= 2017-10-16 }}</ref>