Editing Tocopherol (section)

=== Age-related macular degeneration ===
A Cochrane review published in 2017 (updated in 2023) on antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of [[Macular degeneration|age-related macular degeneration]] (AMD) identified only one vitamin E clinical trial.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=Jennifer R. |last2=Lawrenson |first2=John G. |date=2023-09-13 |title=Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2023 |issue=9 |pages=CD000254 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000254.pub5 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=10498493 |pmid=37702300 }}</ref> That trial compared 500 IU/day of α-tocopherol to placebo for four years and reported no effect on the progression of AMD in people already diagnosed with the condition.<ref name=":0" /> Another Cochrane review, same year, same authors, reviewed the literature on α-tocopherol preventing the development of AMD. This review identified four trials, duration 4–10 years, and reported no change to risk of developing AMD.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Evans JR, Lawrenson JG | title = Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2017 | pages = CD000253 | date = July 2017 | issue = 7 | pmid = 28756617 | pmc = 6483250 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000253.pub4 }}</ref> A large clinical trial known as AREDS compared [[β-carotene]] (15&nbsp;mg), [[vitamin C]] (500&nbsp;mg), and α-tocopherol (400 IU) to placebo for up to ten years, with a conclusion that the anti-oxidant combination significantly slowed progression. However, because there was no group in the trial receiving only vitamin E, no conclusions could be drawn as to the contribution of the vitamin to the effect.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chew EY, Clemons TE, Agrón E, Sperduto RD, Sangiovanni JP, Kurinij N, Davis MD | title = Long-term effects of vitamins C and E, β-carotene, and zinc on age-related macular degeneration: AREDS report no. 35 | journal = Ophthalmology | volume = 120 | issue = 8 | pages = 1604–11.e4 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23582353 | pmc = 3728272 | doi = 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.01.021 }}</ref>