Editing Three Kingdoms (section)

===Wu===
{{main|Eastern Wu}}
[[File:Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign.png|thumb|Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign]]
Sun Quan turned to the aborigines of the southeast, whom the Chinese collectively called the [[Baiyue|Shanyue]]. A collection of successes against the rebellious tribesmen culminated in the victory of 224. In that year, [[Zhuge Ke]] ended a three-year siege of Danyang with the surrender of 100,000 Shanyue. Of these, 40,000 were drafted as auxiliaries into the Wu army. Meanwhile, Shu was also experiencing troubles with the indigenous tribes of their south. The southwestern [[Nanman]] peoples rose in revolt against Shu authority, captured and looted cities in Yi Province. Zhuge Liang, recognising the importance of stability in the south, ordered the advance of the Shu armies in three columns against the Nanman. He fought a number of engagements against the chieftain [[Meng Huo]], at the end of which Meng Huo submitted. A tribesman was allowed to reside at the Shu capital [[Chengdu]] as an official and the Nanman formed their own battalions within the Shu army.

[[File:Zhuge Liang 1st and 2nd Northern Expeditions.png|thumb|left|Zhuge Liang's first and second northern expeditions against Cao Wei]]
[[File:Zhuge Liang 3rd Northern Expedition.png|thumb|left|Zhuge Liang's third northern expedition against Cao Wei]]
[[File:Zhuge Liang 4th and 5th Northern Expeditions.png|thumb|left|Zhuge Liang's fourth and fifth northern expeditions against Cao Wei]]

In the times of [[Zhuge Liang]]'s northern offensives, the state of Wu had always been on the defensive against invasions from the north. The area around [[Hefei]] was the scene of many bitter battles and under constant pressure from Wei after the Battle of Red Cliffs. Warfare had grown so intense that many of the residents chose to migrate and resettle south of the Yangtze. After Zhuge Liang's death, attacks on the southern [[Huai River]] region intensified but nonetheless, Wei could not break through the line of the river defences erected by Wu, which included the Ruxu fortress.

Sun Quan's long reign is regarded as a time of plenty for his southern state. Migrations from the north and the settlement of the Shanyue increased manpower for agriculture, especially along the lower reaches of the Yangtze and in [[Kuaiji Commandery]] along the southern shore of [[Hangzhou Bay]]. River transport blossomed, with the construction of the Zhedong and Jiangnan canals. Trade with Shu flourished, with a huge influx of Shu cotton and the development of [[celadon]] and metal industries. Sea journeys were made to Liaodong and the island of [[Yizhou (island)|Yizhou]] (probably modern [[Ryukyus]] or [[Taiwan]]). In the south, Wu merchants reached Linyi (southern [[Vietnam]]) and [[Funan Kingdom]]. As the economy prospered, so too did the arts and culture. In the Yangtze delta, the first Buddhist influences reached the south from Luoyang.

The Eastern Wu era was a formative period in [[Vietnamese history]]. A [[Jiaozhou (region)|Jiaozhou]] (modern Vietnam and [[Guangzhou]]) prefect, [[Shi Xie]], ruled Vietnam as an autonomous warlord for forty years and was posthumously deified by later Vietnamese emperors.<ref>Taylor, Keith Weller (1 April 1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=rCl_02LnNVIC&pg=PA70 "The Birth of Vietnam"]. University of California Press – via Google Books.</ref> [[Shi Xie]] pledged loyalty to Eastern Wu. Originally satisfied with Eastern Wu's rule, the [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] opposed [[Shi Hui (Three Kingdoms)|Shi Hui]]'s rebellion against Eastern Wu and attacked him for it. However, when the Wu general [[Lü Dai]] betrayed Shi Hui and executed the entire Shi family, the Vietnamese became greatly upset. In 248, the people of [[Jiaozhi]] and [[Jiuzhen]] commanderies rebelled. Eastern Wu sent [[Lu Yin (Three Kingdoms)|Lu Yin]] to deal with the rebels. He managed to pacify the rebels with a combination of threats and persuasion. However the rebels regrouped under the leadership of [[Lady Triệu]] in Jiuzhen and renewed the rebellion with a march on Jiaozhi. After several months of warfare she was defeated and committed suicide.{{sfn|Taylor|1983|p=70}}