Editing Temperance movement (section)

=== Prevention, treatment and restriction ===
Temperance proponents used a variety of means to prevent and treat alcohol use disorder and restrict its consumption.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|24}} At the end of the 19th century, medically oriented treatment of alcohol use disorder became more common.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|26}} In a trend that was preceded by Rush's writings, alcoholism came to be seen as an illness which could be medically treated. Scientists who were temperance proponents attempted to find the underlying causes of alcohol use disorder. At the same time, criticism rose toward use of alcohol in medical care.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|39–40}} The notion of alcohol use disorder as a disease became widely accepted much later, generally after the Second World War.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|38–39}}

Nevertheless, restriction of consumption was most emphasized in the movement, but ideas on how to accomplish this were varied and conflicting.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|26}} Apart from the prohibition by law, there were also ideas to establish [[state monopoly]] on all alcohol sales,<ref name="edman" />{{rp|27}} or through law reform remove profit from the alcohol industry.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|28}}

During the 1900s decade, the ideal of strong citizens was developed into the [[hygienism]] ideology.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|30}} Through the influence of [[science of heredity|scientific theories on heredity]], temperance proponents came to believe that alcohol problems were not just a personal concern, but caused later generations of people to "degenerate" as well.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|32}} Public hygiene and improving the population through personal lifestyle were therefore promoted.<ref name="edman" />{{rp|30–31}} A variety of temperance halls, [[temperance bar]]s and [[coffee palace]]s were established as replacements for saloons. Numerous periodicals devoted to temperance were published{{refn|group=note|For example in Sydney, the ''[[Australian Home Companion and Band of Hope Journal]]'' was published between 1856 and 1861.}} and [[temperance theatre]], which had started in the 1820s, became an important part of the American cultural landscape at this time.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Frick|first1=John W.|title=Theatre, Culture and Temperance Reform in Nineteenth-Century America|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-0-521-81778-3}}</ref> The temperance movement generated its own popular culture. Popular songwriters such as [[Susan McFarland Parkhurst]], [[George Frederick Root]], [[Henry Clay Work]] and [[Stephen C. Foster]] composed a number of these songs.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Paul D. |last=Sanders |title=The Temperance Songs of Stephen C. Foster |journal=American Music |volume=34 |number=3 |year=2016 |pages=279–300 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/|doi=10.5406/americanmusic.34.3.0279 |s2cid=151527811 }}</ref> At temperance inns puppet plays, minstrel acts, parades and other shows were held.<ref name="snodgrass" />{{rp|602}}