Editing Teleprinter (section)

==Teletypesetter==
In addition to the 5-bit Baudot code and the much later seven-bit ASCII code, there was a [[six-bit character code | six-bit code]] known as the Teletypesetter code (TTS) used by news wire services. It was first demonstrated in 1928 and began to see widespread use in the 1950s.<ref name="Sloan">{{cite book |title=American Journalism: History, Principles, Practices |editor=W. David Sloan, Lisa Mullikin Parcell |page=[https://archive.org/details/americanjournali0000unse_r6h5/page/365 365] |publisher=McFarland |date=April 10, 2002 |isbn=978-0-7864-1371-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanjournali0000unse_r6h5/page/365}}</ref> Through the use of "shift in" and "shift out" codes, this six-bit code could represent a full set of upper and lower case characters, digits, symbols commonly used in newspapers, and typesetting instructions such as "flush left" or "center", and  even "auxiliary font", to switch to italics or bold type, and back to roman ("upper rail").<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/LinotypeHandbookForTeletypesetterOperation1951 |title=The Linotype Handbook for Teletypesetter Operation |last=Mergenthaler Linotype Company |date=1951 |publisher=digital reprint by www.CircuitousRoot.com |others=Dr. David M. MacMillan |language=EN}}</ref>

The TTS produces aligned text, taking into consideration character widths and column width, or line length.

A Model 20 Teletype machine with a paper tape punch ("reperforator") was installed at subscriber newspaper sites. Originally these machines would simply punch paper tapes and these tapes could be read by a tape reader attached to a "Teletypesetter operating unit" installed on a [[Linotype machine]]. The "operating unit" was essentially a tape reader which actuated a mechanical box, which in turn operated the Linotype's keyboard and other controls, in response to the codes read from the tape, thus creating type for printing in newspapers and magazines.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.smecc.org/teletypes_in_typesetting.htm |title=Teletypes in Typesetting |author=Doug Kerr |publisher=Southwest Museum of Engineering, Communications and Computation |location=Glendale, Arizona, USA |access-date=2017-04-25}}</ref>

This allowed higher production rates for the Linotype, and was used both locally, where the tape was first punched and then fed to the machine, as well as remotely, using tape transmitters and receivers.

Remote use played an essential role for distributing identical content, such as [[Syndicated columnist|syndicated columns]], [[News agency|news agency news]], [[classified advertising]], and more, to different publications across wide geographical areas.

In later years the incoming 6-bit current loop signal carrying the TTS code was connected to a [[minicomputer]] or [[mainframe]] for storage, editing, and eventual feed to a phototypesetting machine.