Editing Striatum (section)

=== Language disorders ===
Lesions to the striatum have been associated with deficits in speech production and comprehension. While striatal damage can impact all levels of language, damage can broadly be characterized as affecting the ability to manipulate linguistic units and rules, resulting in the promotion of default linguistic forms in conflicting situations in which selection, inhibition, and monitoring load is increased.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fedorenko |first=Evelina |date=2014 |title=The role of domain-general cognitive control in language comprehension |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=5 |page=335 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00335  |doi-access=free|pmid=24803909 |pmc=4009428 |issn=1664-1078}}</ref> Two subregions of the striatum have been shown to be particularly important in language: the [[caudate nucleus]] and left [[putamen]]. Lesions localized to the caudate nucleus, as well as direct electrical stimulation, can result in [[Paraphasia|lexical paraphasias]] and perservations (continuations of an utterance after the stimulus has ceased), which is associated with inhibited executive control, in the sense that executive control allows for the selection of the best choice among competing alternatives).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kreisler |first1=A. |last2=Godefroy |first2=O. |last3=Delmaire |first3=C. |last4=Debachy |first4=B. |last5=Leclercq |first5=M. |last6=Pruvo |first6=J.-P. |last7=Leys |first7=D. |date=2000-03-14 |title=The anatomy of aphasia revisited |url=https://n.neurology.org/content/54/5/1117 |journal=Neurology |language=en |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=1117–1123 |doi=10.1212/WNL.54.5.1117 |issn=0028-3878 |pmid=10720284|s2cid=21847976 }}</ref> Stimulation of the putamen results in the inhibition of articulatory sequences and the inability to initiate motor speech commands.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Robles |first1=S. Gil |last2=Gatignol |first2=P. |last3=Capelle |first3=L. |last4=Mitchell |first4=M.-C. |last5=Duffau |first5=H. |date=2005-07-01 |title=The role of dominant striatum in language: a study using intraoperative electrical stimulations |journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry |language=en |volume=76 |issue=7 |pages=940–946 |doi=10.1136/jnnp.2004.045948 |issn=0022-3050 |pmid=15965199|doi-access=free |pmc=1739710 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Guenther |first1=Frank H. |last2=Ghosh |first2=Satrajit S. |last3=Tourville |first3=Jason A. |date=2006-03-01 |title=Neural modeling and imaging of the cortical interactions underlying syllable production |journal=Brain and Language |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=280–301 |doi=10.1016/j.bandl.2005.06.001 |pmid=16040108 |issn=0093-934X|pmc=1473986 }}</ref>