Editing Stephen I of Hungary (section)

=== In arts ===
[[File:Свјетлопис живописа Св. Стјепана угарског у крипти храма Св. Саве у Биограду.jpg|thumb|alt=A mumified hand, with a strip decorated with pearls on it, in a gilded box|[[Church of Saint Sava]], [[Belgrade]]]]

King St Stephen has been a popular theme in [[Hungarian poetry]] since the end of the 13th century.<ref name=Pomogats>{{cite journal |last=Pomogáts |first=Béla |title=St. Stephen in Hungarian poetry |journal=Kisebbségkutatás / Minorities' research |volume=9 |issue=3 |location=Budapest |year=2000 |url=http://www.hhrf.org/kisebbsegkutatas/mr_03/cikk.php?id=1233 |access-date=13 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003225533/http://www.hhrf.org/kisebbsegkutatas/mr_03/cikk.php?id=1233 |archive-date=3 October 2014 }}</ref> The earliest poems were religious [[hymn]]s which portrayed the holy king as the apostle of the Hungarians. Secular poetry, especially poems written for his feast day, followed a similar pattern, emphasizing Stephen's role as the first king of Hungary.<ref name=Pomogats/> Poets described Stephen as the symbol of national identity and independence and of the ability of the Hungarian nation to survive historical cataclysms during the [[Hungarian People's Republic|Communist regime]] between 1949 and 1989.<ref name=Pomogats/>

A popular hymn, still sung in the churches, was first recorded in the late {{nobr|18th century}}.<ref name=Pomogats/> It hails King St. Stephen as "radiant star of Hungarians".<ref name=Pomogats/> [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] composed his ''[[King Stephen (Beethoven)|King Stephen Overture]]'' for the inauguration of the Hungarian theatre in [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]] in 1812.<ref name=Keller>{{cite web |last=Keller |first=James M. |title=Beethoven: Overture to King Stephen, Opus 117 |publisher=San Francisco Symphony |year=2013 |url=http://www.sfsymphony.org/Watch-Listen-Learn/Read-Program-Notes/Program-Notes/BEETHOVEN-%C2%A0Overture-to-King-Stephen,-Opus-117-%E2%94%82-Ma.aspx |access-date=13 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121071008/http://www.sfsymphony.org/Watch-Listen-Learn/Read-Program-Notes/Program-Notes/BEETHOVEN-%C2%A0Overture-to-King-Stephen%2C-Opus-117-%E2%94%82-Ma.aspx |archive-date=21 January 2014 }}</ref> According to musician James M. Keller, "[t]he descending unisons that open the ''King Stephen Overture'' would seem to prefigure the opening of the ''[[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]]''{{nobr|; ...}} [a]nd then a later theme, introduced by flutes and clarinets, seems almost to be a {{nobr|variation ...}} of the famous ''Ode 'To Joy''' melody of the Ninth Symphony's finale".<ref name=Keller/> Hungarian composer [[Ferenc Erkel]] named his last complete [[opera]] from 1885, ''István király'' ("King Stephen"), after him.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bóka |first=Gábor |title=István király – a kottától az operáig [King Stephen – from sheet music to the opera] |publisher=Opera-Világ |date=13 August 2013 |url=http://operavilag.net/interjuk/istvan-kiraly-a-kottatol-az-eloadasig/ |access-date=17 February 2015}}</ref> In 1938, [[Zoltán Kodály]] wrote a choral piece titled ''Ének Szent István Királyhoz'' ("Hymn to King Stephen").<ref name=Breuer>{{cite book|last=Breuer|first=János|title=Kodály-kalauz |year=1982 |publisher=Zeneműkiadó |isbn=978-0-328-47359-5 |pages=293, 318}}</ref>  In 1983, Levente Szörényi and [[János Bródy]] composed a [[rock opera]]—''[[István, a király]]'' ("Stephen, the King")—about the early years of his reign. Seventeen years later, in 2000, Szörényi composed a sequel called ''Veled, Uram!'' ("You, Sir").<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=hu&u=http://vivalamusical.hu/kritikak/veled-uram&prev=/search%3Fq%3DVeled,%2BUram!%26biw%3D800%26bih%3D403|title=Veled, Uram! Izgalmas királydráma a Tháliában? (You, Sir! King of the exciting drama Thalia Theatre?)|author=Christopher Rechtenwald|date=18 April 2012|publisher=Viva la Musical}}</ref>