Editing Steel (section)

===Carbon===
{{Main|Carbon steel}}
Modern steels are made with varying combinations of alloy metals to fulfil many purposes.<ref name="materialsengineer" /> [[Carbon steel]], composed simply of [[iron]] and [[carbon]], accounts for 90% of steel production.<ref name="EM2" /> [[Low alloy steel]] is alloyed with other elements, usually [[molybdenum]], [[manganese]], [[chromium]], or [[nickel]], in amounts of up to 10% by weight to improve the hardenability of thick sections.<ref name="EM2" /> [[HSLA steel|High strength low alloy steel]] has small additions (usually < 2% by weight) of other elements, typically 1.5% manganese, to provide additional strength for a modest price increase.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/Corus/16plus/steelch3pg1.html |title=High strength low alloy steels |work=SchoolScience.co.uk |access-date=14 August 2007 |archive-date=21 September 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200921025905/http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/Corus/16plus/steelch3pg1.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Recent [[corporate average fuel economy]] (CAFE) regulations have given rise to a new variety of steel known as Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS). This material is both strong and ductile so that vehicle structures can maintain their current safety levels while using less material. There are several commercially available grades of AHSS, such as [[dual-phase steel]], which is heat treated to contain both a ferritic and martensitic microstructure to produce a formable, high strength steel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dual-phase steel |publisher=Intota Expert Knowledge Services |url= http://www.intota.com/experts.asp?strSearchType=all&strQuery=dual%2Dphase+steel |access-date=1 March 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110525170931/http://www.intota.com/experts.asp?strSearchType=all&strQuery=dual%2Dphase+steel |archive-date=25 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel involves special alloying and heat treatments to stabilize amounts of [[austenite]] at room temperature in normally austenite-free low-alloy ferritic steels. By applying strain, the austenite undergoes a [[phase transition]] to martensite without the addition of heat.<ref>{{cite web |last=Werner |first=Ewald |title=Transformation Induced Plasticity in low alloyed TRIP-steels and microstructure response to a complex stress history |url= http://www.wkm.mw.tum.de/Forschung/projekte_html/transtrip.html |access-date=1 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071223184922/http://www.wkm.mw.tum.de/Forschung/projekte_html/transtrip.html |archive-date=23 December 2007}}</ref> Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel uses a specific type of strain to increase the effectiveness of work hardening on the alloy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mirko |first1=Centi |last2=Saliceti |first2=Stefano |title=Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP), Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) and Dual-Phase (DP) Steels |publisher=Tampere University of Technology |url= http://www.dimet.unige.it/resta/studenti/2002/27839/26/TWIP,TRIPandDualphase%20mirko.doc |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080307200557/http://www.dimet.unige.it/resta/studenti/2002/27839/26/TWIP%2CTRIPandDualphase%20mirko.doc |archive-date=7 March 2008 |access-date=1 March 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Carbon Steels are often [[hot-dip galvanizing|galvanized]], through [[Hot-dip galvanization|hot-dip]] or electroplating in [[zinc]] for protection against rust.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Galvanic protection |title=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |date=2007}}</ref>