Editing Steampunk (section)

====Victorian====
[[File:Nautilus_Neuville.JPG|thumb|upright|The ''Nautilus'' as imagined by Jules Verne]]
In general, this category includes any recent science fiction that takes place in a recognizable historical period (sometimes an [[alternate history]] version of an actual historical period) in which the [[Industrial Revolution]] has already begun, but [[electricity]] is not yet widespread, "usually Britain of the early to mid-nineteenth century or the fantasized [[Wild West]]-era United States",<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838844.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199838844-e-42|chapter=Retrofuturism and Steampunk|last1=Latham|first1=Rob|last2=Guffey|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Lemay|first3=Kate C.|date=Nov 1, 2014|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838844.013.0034|title=The Oxford Handbook of Science Fiction|isbn=978-0-19-983884-4|access-date=January 31, 2018|archive-date=January 31, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131201102/http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838844.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199838844-e-42|url-status=live}}</ref> with an emphasis on steam- or spring-propelled gadgets. The most common historical steampunk settings are the [[Victorian era|Victorian]] and [[Edwardian era]]s, though some in this "Victorian steampunk"<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-15 |title=The Clockwork of Progress: The Victorian Era Unwound |url=https://infinitesteampunk.com/blogs/steampunk-blog/the-clockwork-of-progress-the-victorian-era-unwound |access-date=2024-08-13 |website=Infinite Steampunk |language=en}}</ref> category are set as early as the beginning of the [[Industrial Revolution]] and as late as the end of [[World War I]].

Some examples of this type include the novel ''[[The Difference Engine]]'',<ref>{{cite web|last=Hudson|first=Patrick|title=(Review of) The Difference Engine|url=http://www.zone-sf.com/difengine.html|access-date=February 13, 2009|publisher=Pigasus Press|work=The Zone|archive-date=November 20, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120161845/http://www.zone-sf.com/difengine.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> the comic book series ''[[League of Extraordinary Gentlemen]]'', the Disney animated film ''[[Atlantis: The Lost Empire]]'',<ref name="HSW Steampunk"/> [[Scott Westerfeld]]'s [[Leviathan (Westerfeld novel)|''Leviathan'' trilogy]],<ref>School Library Journal,{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/leviathan00west_0|title=Laviathan|date=Oct 6, 2009|access-date=Aug 19, 2011|isbn=978-1-4169-7173-3|publisher=Simon Pulse|url-access=registration}}</ref> and the [[roleplaying game]] ''[[Space: 1889]].''<ref name="HSW Steampunk"/> The [[anime]] film ''[[Steamboy]]'' (2004) is another example of Victorian steampunk, taking place in an alternate 1866 where steam technology is far more advanced than reality.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/steamboy|title=Steamboy|last1=Bertschy|first1=Zac|work=Anime News Network|date=July 21, 2004|access-date=March 18, 2014|archive-date=April 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415180553/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/steamboy|url-status=live}}</ref> Some, such as the comic series ''[[Girl Genius]]'',<ref name="HSW Steampunk"/> have their own unique times and places despite partaking heavily of the flavor of historic settings. Other comic series are set in a more familiar London, as in the ''[[Victorian Undead]]'', which has [[Sherlock Holmes]], [[Doctor Watson]], and others taking on zombies, [[Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde]], and [[Count Dracula]], with advanced weapons and devices. Another example of this genre is the ''[[Tunnels (novel)|Tunnels]]'' novels by [[Roderick Gordon]] and Brian Williams. These are set in the modern day, but with an underground Victorian world that is working to overthrow the world above. Detective [[graphic novel]] series [[Lady Mechanika]] is set in an alternative Victorian-like world.

[[Karel Zeman]]'s film ''[[The Fabulous World of Jules Verne]]'' (1958) is a very early example of cinematic steampunk. Based on [[Jules Verne]] novels, Zeman's film imagines a past that never was, based on those novels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://locusmag.com/2004/Reviews/10_WaldropPerson_Verne.html|title=The Fabulous World of Jules Verne|publisher=[[Locus Online]]|date=October 13, 2004|last1=Waldrop|first1=Howard|last2=Person|first2=Lawrence|access-date=May 10, 2008|archive-date=May 11, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511234309/http://www.locusmag.com/2004/Reviews/10_WaldropPerson_Verne.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Other early examples of historical steampunk in cinema include [[Hayao Miyazaki]]'s [[anime]] films such as ''[[Laputa: Castle in the Sky]]'' (1986) and ''[[Howl's Moving Castle (film)|Howl's Moving Castle]]'' (2004), which contain many archetypal anachronisms characteristic of the steampunk genre.<ref name=matronline>{{cite web|url=http://www.matrix-online.net/bsfa/website/matrixonline/Matrix_Features_3.aspx|title=The news and media magazine of the British Science Fiction Association|publisher=Matrix Online|date=June 30, 2008|access-date=February 13, 2009|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221090854/https://matrix-online.net/bsfa/website/matrixonline/Matrix_Features_3.aspx|archive-date=February 21, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.locusmag.com/2003/Reviews/Ward08_Miyazaki.html|title=Hayao Miyazaki: The Greatest Fantasy Director You Never Heard Of?|publisher=Locus Online|date=August 20, 2003|first=Cynthia|last=Ward|access-date=June 13, 2009|archive-date=August 7, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807064942/http://www.locusmag.com/2003/Reviews/Ward08_Miyazaki.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

"Historical" steampunk usually leans more towards science fiction than fantasy, but a number of historical steampunk stories have incorporated magical elements as well. For example, ''Morlock Night'', written by [[K. W. Jeter]], revolves around an attempt by the wizard [[Merlin]] to raise [[King Arthur]] to save the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] of 1892 from an invasion of [[Morlock]]s from the future.<ref name=Grossman/>

[[Paul Guinan]]'s ''[[Boilerplate (robot)|Boilerplate]]'', a "biography" of a robot in the late 19th century, began as a website that garnered international press coverage when people began believing that [[Adobe Photoshop|Photoshop]] images of the robot with historic personages were real.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/020826/archive_022363_5.htm|title=Gotcha!|page=39|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|date=September 3, 2002|last=Hayden|first=Tom|access-date=January 5, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216170108/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/culture/articles/020826/archive_022363_5.htm|archive-date=December 16, 2005}}</ref> The site was adapted into the illustrated hardbound book ''Boilerplate: History's Mechanical Marvel'', which was published by [[Abrams Books|Abrams]] in October 2009.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KRtKPgAACAAJ|last1=Guinan|first1=Paul|author-link1=Paul Guinan|last2=Bennett|first2=Anina|author-link2=Anina Bennett|year=2012|title=Boilerplate: History's Mechanical Marvel|publisher=[[Abrams Books]]|isbn=978-0-8109-8950-4}}</ref> Because the story was not set in an alternative history, and in fact contained accurate information about the Victorian era,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omnivoracious.com/2009/04/a-preview-of-boilerplate-historys-mechanical-marvel.html|title=A Preview of Boilerplate: History's Mechanical Marvel|publisher=Omnivoracious|date=Apr 29, 2009|access-date=Mar 17, 2011|archive-date=August 22, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822034645/http://www.omnivoracious.com/2009/04/a-preview-of-boilerplate-historys-mechanical-marvel.html|url-status=live}}</ref> some{{Specify|date=January 2012}} booksellers referred to the tome as "historical steampunk".