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Soviet–Afghan War
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=== Military aid === Weapons supplies were made available through numerous countries. Before the Soviet intervention, the insurgents received support from the United States, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Libya and Kuwait, albeit on a limited scale.<ref>{{cite book |last=Garthoff |first=Raymond L. |date=1994 |author-link=Raymond L. Garthoff |title=Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan |edition=revised |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |isbn=0-8157-3041-1 |page=1030}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Harrison |first1=Selig S. |author-link1=Selig S. Harrison |last2=Cordovez |first2=Diego |date=1995 |title=Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=327mCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-506294-9 |pages=33–34}}</ref> After the intervention, aid was substantially increased. The US clandestinely purchased all of Israel's captured Soviet weapons, and then funnelled the weapons to the Mujahideen, while Egypt upgraded its army's weapons and sent the older weapons to the militants. Turkey sold their [[World War II]] stockpiles to the warlords, and the British and Swiss provided [[Blowpipe missile]]s and [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon]] anti-aircraft guns respectively, after they were found to be poor models for their own forces.<ref name="unholy">Kinsella, Warren. "Unholy Alliances", Lester Publishing, 1992</ref> China provided the most relevant weapons, likely due to their own experience with [[guerrilla warfare]], and kept meticulous record of all the shipments.<ref name="unholy" /> The US, Saudi and Chinese aid combined totaled between $6 billion and $12 billion.<ref>{{cite book |last=Coll |first=Steve |author-link=Steve Coll |date=2005 |title=Ghost Wars. The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToYxFL5wmBIC&pg=PA238 |location=New York |publisher=Penguin Books |page=238 |isbn=978-0-14-303466-7}}</ref>
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