Editing Snow White (section)

====Italy====
The [[Pentamerone]], published 1634-1636, contains some stories with similarities to Snow White, such as an enchanted sleep in "[[The Young Slave]]" and a female character with snow-white skin in "[[The Raven (Giambattista Basile)|The Raven]]." In most Italian versions of Snow White, the heroine is not the daughter of a king but an innkeeper, the antagonist is not her stepmother but her biological mother, and instead of dwarfs she takes refuge with robbers. For instance, in [[Bella Venezia|''La Bella Venezia'']], an [[Abruzzo|Abruzzian]] version collected by Antonio De Nino, the mother asks her customers if they have seen a woman more beautiful than she. If they say they did not, she only charges them half the price, if they say they did she charges them twice the price. When the customers tell her that her daughter is prettier than her, she gets jealous.<ref>De Nino, Antonio ''Usi e costumi abruzzesi'' Volume Terzo. Firenze: Tipografia di G. Barbèra 1883 pp. 253-257</ref> In ''Maria, her Evil Stepmother and the Seven Robbers'' (''Maria, die böse Stiefmutter und die sieben Räuber''), a [[Sicily|Sicilian]] version collected by Laura Gonzenbach the heroine also lives with robbers, but the antagonist is her stepmother and she's not an innkeeper.<ref>Gonzenbach, Laura ''Sicilianische Märchen'' vol. 1 Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann 1870 pp. 4-7</ref><ref>Zipes, Jack ''The Robber with the Witch's Head: More Story from the Great Treasury of Sicilian Folk and Fairy Tales Collected by Laura Gonzenbach'' New York and London: Routledge 2004 pp. 22-25</ref>

Sometimes the heroine's protectors are female instead of male, as in ''The Cruel Stepmother'' ({{lang|it|La crudel matrigna}}), a variant collected by [[Angelo de Gubernatis]] in which, like in the Grimm's version, Snow White's counterpart, called here Caterina, is the daughter of a king, and the antagonist is her stepmother, who orders her servants to kill her stepdaughter after she hears people commenting how much prettier Caterina is than she. One day the two women are going to mass together. Instead of a male protector, Caterina takes refuge in a house by the seashore where an old woman lives. Later a witch discovers that Caterina's still alive and where she lives, so she goes to tell the queen, who sends her back to the cottage to kill her with poisoned flowers instead of an apple.<ref>De Gubernatis, Angelo ''Le Novellino di Santo Stefano'' Torino: Augusto Federico Negro 1869 pp. 32-35</ref> A similar version from [[Siena]] was collected by Sicilian folklorist [[Giuseppe Pitrè]], in which the heroine, called Ermellina, runs away from home riding an eagle who takes her away to a palace inhabited by fairies. Ermellina's stepmother sends a witch disguised as her stepdaughter's servants to the fairies' palace to try to kill her twice, first with poisoned sweetmeats and the second time with an enchanted dress.<ref>Crane, Thomas Frederick ''Italian Popular Tales'' Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company 1885 pp. 326-331</ref> Pitré also collected a variant from [[Palermo]] titled ''Child Margarita'' (''La 'Nfanti Margarita'') where the heroine stays in a haunted castle.<ref>Pitrè, Giuseppe ''Fiabe, novelle e racconti popolari siciliane'' Volume Secondo. Palermo: Luigi Pedone Lauriel 1875 pp. 39-44</ref><ref>Zipes, Jack ''The Collected Sicilian Folk and Fairy Tales of Giuseppe Pitré'' Volume 1 New York and London: Routledge 2009 pp. 260-263</ref>

There's also a couple of conversions that combines the ATU tale type 709 with the second part of the type 410 ''Sleeping Beauty'', in which, when the heroine is awakened, the prince's mother tries to kill her and the children she has had with the prince. Gonzenbach collected two variants from Sicily, the first one called ''Maruzzedda'' and the second ''Beautiful Anna''; and Vittorio Imbriani collected a version titled ''La Bella Ostessina''.<ref>Imnbriani, Vittorio ''La Novellaja Fiorentina'' Livorno: Coi tipi di F. Vigo 1877 pp. 239-250</ref><ref>Monnier, Marc ''Les Contes Populaires en Italie'' Paris: G. Charpentier 1880 pp. 341-357</ref>

In some versions, the antagonists are not the heroine's mother or stepmother, but her two elder sisters, as in a version from [[Trentino]] collected by Christian Schneller,<ref>Schneller, Christian ''Märchen und Sagen aus Wälschtirol'' Innsbruck: Wagner 1867 pp. 55-59</ref> or a version from [[Bologna]] collected by Carolina Coronedi-Berti. In this last version, the role of both the mirror and the dwarfs is played by the Moon, which tells the elder sisters that the youngest, called Ziricochel, is the prettiest, and later hides her in his palace. When the sisters discover Ziricochel is still alive, they send an astrologer to kill her. After several attempts, she finally manages to turn her into a statue with an enchanted shirt. Ziricochel is revived after the prince's sisters take the shirt off.<ref>Coronedi Berti, Carolina ''Favelo bolognesi'' Monti 1883 pp. 8-10</ref>

[[Italo Calvino]] included the version from Bologna collected by Coronedi Berti, retitling it ''Giricoccola'', and the Abruzzian version collected by De Nino in [[Italian Folktales]].