Editing Servius Tullius (section)

===Etruscan Servius===
[[File:Tomba Francois - Liberazione di Celio Vibenna.jpg|thumb|300px|Painting from the [[François Tomb]] at Vulci, depicting the liberation of Caelius Vibenna. Macstarna is second from left]]
Claudius' story of Servius as an Etruscan named ''Macstarna'' (title for "[[dictator]]" in Etruscan) was published as an incidental scholarly comment within the ''Oratio Claudii Caesaris'' of the [[Lugdunum Tablet]]. There is some support for this Etruscan version of Servius,<ref>Eleanor Huzar, in Temporini/Haase (eds), Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, (ANRW), Sprache und Literatur (Literatur der julisch-claudischen und der flavischen Zeit), 1984, p. 623.[https://books.google.com/books?id=2z4-KqzNu2IC&dq=Servius+Tullius+Momigliano&pg=PA623] No evidence remains to attest the quality of Claudius' Etruscan scholarship or his grasp of the Etruscan language, despite his production of a multi-volume work, now lost, on Etruscan history.</ref> in wall paintings at the [[François Tomb]] in Etruscan [[Vulci]]. They were commissioned some time in the second half of the 4th century BC. One panel shows heroic Etruscans putting foreign captives to the sword. The victims include an individual named Gneve Tarchunies Rumach, interpreted as a Roman named Gnaeus Tarquinius,<ref name="Cornell"/> although known Roman history records no Tarquinius of that praenomen. The victors include Aule and Caile Vipinas – known to the Romans as the [[Caelius Vibenna|Vibenna]] brothers – and their ally Macstrna [Macstarna], who seems instrumental in winning the day. Claudius was certain that Macstarna was simply another name for Servius Tullius, who started his career as an Etruscan ally of the Vibenna brothers and helped them settle Rome's Caelian Hill. Claudius' account evidently drew on sources unavailable to his fellow-historians, or rejected by them. There may have been two different, Servius-like figures, or two different traditions about the same figure. ''Macstarna'' may have been the name of a once celebrated Etruscan hero, or more speculatively, an Etruscan rendering of Roman ''magister'' (magistrate). Claudius' "Etruscan Servius" seems less a monarch than a freelance Roman ''magister'', an "archaic [[Condottieri|condottiere]]" who placed himself and his own band of armed clients at Vibenna's service,<ref>In Claudius' speech, Macstarna is Caelius Vibenna's ''sodalis fidelissimus'' (most faithful companion)</ref> and may later have seized, rather than settled Rome's Caelian Hill. If the Etruscan Macstarna was identical with the Roman Servius, the latter may have been less monarch than some kind of proto-Republican magistrate given permanent office, perhaps a ''magister populi'', a war-leader, or in Republican parlance, a ''[[Roman dictator|dictator]]''.<ref>Cornell, 133–141, 143–145, 235; Cornell describes these speculated connections as attractive but flimsy, being based entirely on the slight orthographic similarities of "macstrna" and "magister".</ref>