Editing Semitic languages (section)

===Cardinal numerals===
{| class="wikitable"
! English
! Proto-Semitic<ref>{{cite book |last=Weninger |first=Stefan |year=2011 |chapter=Reconstructive Morphology |title=Semitic languages: an international handbook |editor-first=Stefan |editor-last=Weninger |location=Berlin |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |page=166 |doi=10.1515/9783110251586.151|isbn=978-3-11-018613-0 }}</ref>
! IPA
! Arabic
! Hebrew
! [[Sabaic]]
! Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
! Maltese
! Geʽez
|-
| One
| {{transliteration|sem|*ʼaḥad-, *ʻišt-}}
| {{IPA|ʔaħad, ʔiʃt}}
| واحد، أحد {{IPA|waːħid-, ʔaħad-}}
| אחד {{transliteration|sem|ʼeḥáḏ}}, {{IPA|ʔeˈχad}}
| {{transliteration|sem|ʔḥd}}
| {{transliteration|sem|xā}}
| wieħed
| አሐዱ ʾäḥädu
|-
| Two
| {{transliteration|sem|*ṯin-ān}} (nom.), {{transliteration|sem|*ṯin-ayn}} (obl.), {{transliteration|sem|*kilʼ-}}
| {{IPA|θinaːn, θinajn, kilʔ}}
| اثنان {{IPA|iθn-āni}} (nom.), اثنين {{IPA|iθn-ajni}} (obj.), اثنتان fem. iθnat-āni, اثنتين iθnat-ajni
| שנים {{transliteration|sem|šənáyim}} {{IPA|ˈʃn-ajim}}, fem. שתים {{transliteration|sem|šətáyim}} {{IPA|ˈʃt-ajim}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*ṯny}}
| {{transliteration|sem|treh}}
| tnejn
| ክልኤቱ kəlʾetu
|-
| Three
| {{transliteration|sem|*śalāṯ-}} > {{transliteration|sem|*ṯalāṯ-}}{{NoteTag|This root underwent regressive assimilation.{{sfn|Lipiński|2001|p=}}{{page needed|date=March 2022}} This parallels the non-adjacent assimilation of *ś... > *š...š in proto-Canaanite or proto-North-West-Semitic in the roots *śam?š > *šamš 'sun' and *śur?š > *šurš 'root'.{{sfn|Dolgopolsky|1999|pp=61–62}} The form ''{{transliteration|sem|*ṯalāṯ-}}'' appears in most languages (e.g. Aramaic, Arabic, Ugaritic), but the original form {{transliteration|sem|ślṯ}} appears in the [[Old South Arabian]] languages, and a form with ''s'' < {{transliteration|sem|*ś}} (rather than ''š'' < {{transliteration|sem|*ṯ}}) appears in [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]].}}
| {{IPA|ɬalaːθ > θalaːθ}}
| ثلاث {{IPA|θalaːθ-}}
| fem. שלוש {{transliteration|sem|šālṓš}} {{IPA|ʃaˈloʃ}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*ślṯ}}
| {{transliteration|sem|ṭlā}}
| tlieta
| ሠለስቱ śälästu
|-
| Four
| {{transliteration|sem|*ʼarbaʻ-}}
| {{IPA|ʔarbaʕ}}
| أربع {{IPA|ʔarbaʕ-}}
| fem. ארבע {{transliteration|sem|ʼárbaʻ}} {{IPA|ˈʔaʁba}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*ʼrbʻ}}
| {{transliteration|sem|arpā}}
| erbgħa
| አርባዕቱ ʾärbaʿtu
|-
| Five
| {{transliteration|sem|*ḫamš-}}
| {{IPA|χamʃ}}
| خمس {{IPA|χams-}}
| fem. חמש {{transliteration|sem|ḥā́mēš}} {{IPA|ˈχameʃ}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*ḫmš}}
| {{transliteration|sem|xamšā}}
| ħamsa
| ኀምስቱ ḫämsətu
|-
| Six
| {{transliteration|sem|*šidṯ-}}{{NoteTag|This root was also assimilated in various ways. For example, Hebrew reflects {{transliteration|sem|*šišš-}}, with total assimilation; Arabic reflects {{transliteration|sem|*šitt-}} in cardinal numerals, but less assimilated {{transliteration|sem|*šādiš-}} in ordinal numerals. [[Epigraphic South Arabian]] reflects original {{transliteration|sem|*šdṯ}}; Ugaritic has a form {{transliteration|sem|ṯṯ}}, in which the {{transliteration|sem|ṯ}} has been assimilated throughout the root.{{sfn|Lipiński|2001|p=}}{{page needed|date=March 2022}}}}
| {{IPA|ʃidθ}}
| ستّ {{IPA|sitt-}} (ordinal سادس {{IPA|saːdis-}})
| fem. שש {{transliteration|sem|šēš}} {{IPA|ʃeʃ}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*šdṯ/šṯ}}
| {{transliteration|sem|ëštā}}
| sitta
| ስድስቱ sədsətu
|-
| Seven
| {{transliteration|sem|*šabʻ-}}
| {{IPA|ʃabʕ}}
| سبع {{IPA|sabʕ-}}
| fem. שבע {{transliteration|sem|šéḇaʻ}} {{IPA|ˈʃeva}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*šbʻ}}
| {{transliteration|sem|šowā}}
| sebgħa
| ሰብዐቱ säbʿätu
|-
| Eight
| {{transliteration|sem|*ṯamāniy-}}
| {{IPA|θamaːnij-}}
| ثماني {{IPA|θamaːn-ij-}}
| fem. שמונה {{transliteration|sem|šəmṓneh}} {{IPA|ʃˈmone}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*ṯmny/ṯmn}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*tmanyā}}
| tmienja 
| ሰማንቱ sämantu
|-
| Nine
| {{transliteration|sem|*tišʻ-}}
| {{IPA|tiʃʕ}}
| تسع {{IPA|tisʕ-}}
| fem. תשע {{transliteration|sem|tḗšaʻ}} {{IPA|ˈtejʃa}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*tšʻ}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*učā}}
| disgħa
| ተስዐቱ täsʿätu
|-
| Ten
| {{transliteration|sem|*ʻaśr-}}
| {{IPA|ʕaɬr}}
| عشر {{IPA|ʕaʃ(a)r-}}
| fem. עשר {{transliteration|sem|ʻéśer}} {{IPA|ˈʔeseʁ}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*ʻśr}}
| {{transliteration|sem|*uṣrā}}
| għaxra
| ዐሠርቱ ʿäśärtu
|-
|}
These are the basic numeral stems without feminine suffixes. In most older Semitic languages, the forms of the numerals from 3 to 10 exhibit [[polarity of gender]] (also called "chiastic concord" or "reverse agreement"), i.e. if the counted noun is masculine, the numeral would be feminine and vice versa.