Editing Seabird (section)

=== Exploitation ===
The [[hunting]] of seabirds and the collecting of seabird [[egg (biology)|eggs]] have contributed to the declines of many species, and the [[extinct]]ion of several, including the [[great auk]] and the [[spectacled cormorant]]. Seabirds have been hunted for food by coastal peoples throughout history—one of the earliest instances known is in southern Chile, where [[archeology|archaeological]] excavations in middens has shown hunting of albatrosses, cormorants and shearwaters from 5000 BP.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Simeone, A.  |author2=Navarro, X.  |name-list-style=amp |year=2002|title=Human exploitation of seabirds in coastal southern Chile during the mid-Holocene|journal=Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages= 423–431|doi=10.4067/S0716-078X2002000200012|doi-access=free}}</ref> This pressure has led to some species becoming extinct in many places; in particular, at least 20 species of an original 29 no longer breed on [[Easter Island]]. In the 19th century, the hunting of seabirds for [[fat]] deposits and feathers for the [[Hat|millinery]] trade reached industrial levels. [[wikt:muttonbirding|Muttonbirding]] (harvesting shearwater chicks) developed as important industries in both New Zealand and Tasmania, and the name of one species, the [[providence petrel]], is derived from its seemingly miraculous arrival on [[Norfolk Island]] where it provided a windfall for starving European settlers.<ref name="Anderson">{{cite journal|author=Anderson, A. |year=1996|title=Origins of Procellariidae hunting in the Southwest Pacific|journal=International Journal of Osteoarchaeology |volume=6|pages= 403–410|doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-1212(199609)6:4<403::AID-OA296>3.0.CO;2-0|issue=4}}</ref> In the [[Falkland Islands]], hundreds of thousands of penguins were harvested for their oil each year. Seabird eggs have also long been an important source of food for sailors undertaking long sea voyages, as well as being taken when settlements grow in areas near a colony. Eggers from [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] took almost half a million eggs a year from the [[Farallon Islands]] in the mid-19th century, a period in the islands' history from which the seabird species are still recovering.<ref>White, Peter (1995), The Farallon Islands, ''Sentinels of the Golden Gate'', Scottwall Associates: San Francisco, {{ISBN|0-942087-10-0}}</ref>

Both hunting and egging continue today, although not at the levels that occurred in the past, and generally in a more controlled manner. For example, the [[Māori people|Māori]] of [[Stewart Island / Rakiura]] continue to harvest the chicks of the sooty shearwater as they have done for centuries, using traditional stewardship, ''[[kaitiaki]]tanga'', to manage the harvest, but now also work with the [[University of Otago]] in studying the populations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tītī traditions |date=January 12, 2016 |url=https://www.otago.ac.nz/te-poutama-maori/staff/commerce/otago121919.html |publisher=University of Otago |access-date=October 13, 2020}}</ref> In [[Greenland]], however, uncontrolled hunting is pushing many species into steep decline.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Burnham, W. |author2=Burnham, K. K. |author3=Cade, T. J. |year=2005|title=Past and present assessments of bird life in Uummannaq District, West Greenland|journal=Dansk Orn. Foren. Tidsskr. |volume=99: 196–208 |url=http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/01/birdlife_in_uummannaq.pdf}}</ref>