Editing Scopes trial (section)

== In popular culture ==
[[File:Inherit the wind trailer (1) Spencer Tracy Fredric March.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|[[Spencer Tracy]] (left) as Darrow surrogate Henry Drummond, and [[Fredric March]] (right) as Bryan surrogate Matthew Harrison Brady in the [[trailer (promotion)|trailer]] for the film [[Inherit the Wind (1960 film)|''Inherit the Wind'']]; [[Harry Morgan]] (in the background) plays the judge.]]

===Stage, film and television===

* Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee's play [[Inherit the Wind (play)|''Inherit the Wind'']] (1955), fictionalizes the 1925 Scopes "Monkey" Trial as a means to discuss the then-contemporary [[McCarthy trials]]. It portrays Darrow and Bryan as the characters who are named Henry Drummond and Matthew Brady.<ref>[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/SCO_INHE.HTM Notes on Inherit the Wind] UMKC Law School. Retrieved April 15, 2007.</ref> In a note at the opening of the play, the playwrights state that it is not meant to be a historical account,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug97/inherit/l&lnote.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990221084002/http://xroads.virginia.edu/%7EUG97/inherit/l%26lnote.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 21, 1999|title=''Inherit the Wind'': The Playwrights' Note|website=xroads.virginia.edu}}</ref> and there are numerous instances where events were substantially altered or invented.<ref name=drama>{{cite web|title=''Inherit the Wind'', Drama for Students |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2692700013.html#|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610060706/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2692700013.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 10, 2014|publisher=Gale Group|access-date=August 31, 2012|date=January 1, 1998}}</ref><ref name=AEHJ>{{cite web|last1=Riley|first1=Karen L.|last2=Brown|first2=Jennifer A.|last3=Braswell|first3=Ray|title=Historical Truth and Film: Inherit the Wind as an Appraisal of the American Teacher|work=American Educational History Journal |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1670106791.html#|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105225156/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1670106791.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 5, 2013|access-date=August 31, 2012|date=January 1, 2007}}</ref> Despite the disclaimer in the play's preface that the trial was its "genesis" but it is "not history",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug97/inherit/l&lnote.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990221084002/http://xroads.virginia.edu/%7EUG97/inherit/l%26lnote.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 21, 1999|title=Inherit the Wind|work=virginia.edu}}</ref> the play has largely been accepted as history by the public.<ref name="AEHJ" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Benen|first=Steve|author-link=Steve Benen|title=Inherit the Myth? |publisher=Church and State|date=July 1, 2000}}</ref><ref>Ronald L. Numbers, ''Darwinism Comes to America'' (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), p. 85, 86.</ref><ref name="Larson">{{cite web|title=Evolution of a Scholar|url=http://www.pepperdine.edu/calling/evolution.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215085556/http://www.pepperdine.edu/calling/evolution.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 15, 2012|publisher=Pepperdine Law|access-date=September 2, 2012}}</ref> (Lawrence and Lee later said that it was written in response to [[McCarthyism]] and was chiefly about [[intellectual freedom]].)<ref>{{harvnb|Larson|1997|p=240}}</ref><ref name="controversy">{{cite web| url = http://www.cjonline.com/stories/030201/wee_inherit.shtml| title = Inherit the controversy| access-date = September 2, 2012| archive-date = November 13, 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141113051143/http://cjonline.com/stories/030201/wee_inherit.shtml| url-status = dead}}</ref>
** Adaptations:
*** ''Inherit the Wind'' was made into a [[Inherit the Wind (1960 film)|1960 film]] directed by [[Stanley Kramer]], with [[Spencer Tracy]] as Drummond and [[Fredric March]] as Brady. Although there are numerous changes in the plot, they include more of the actual events which are recorded in the trial transcript, such as when Darrow implies that the court is prejudiced, being cited for [[contempt of court]] for his comments and his subsequent statement of [[contrition]] that persuaded the judge to drop the charge. 
*** There have also been three television versions of the play, with [[Melvyn Douglas]] and [[Ed Begley]] in [[Inherit the Wind (1965 film)|1965]], [[Jason Robards]] and [[Kirk Douglas]] in [[Inherit the Wind (1988 film)|1988]], and [[Jack Lemmon]] and [[George C. Scott]] in [[Inherit the Wind (1999 film)|1999]].
* [[Peter Goodchild]]'s play, ''The Great Tennessee Monkey Trial'' (1993), was based on original sources and transcripts of the Scopes trial, because it was written with the goal of being historically accurate.<ref>{{cite book|isbn=9781580813525|title=''The Great Tennessee Monkey Trial'': Details|date=2006|oclc = 77554199}}</ref> It was produced as part of [[L.A. Theatre Works]]' Relativity Series, which features science-themed plays and receives major funding from the [[Alfred P. Sloan Foundation]], which seeks "to enhance public understanding of science and technology in the modern world".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Great Tennessee Monkey Trial|author=Goodchild, Peter|publisher=L.A. Theatre Works|date=2006|isbn=9781580813525}}</ref> According to ''[[AudioFile (magazine)|Audiofile]] Magazine'', which pronounced this production the 2006 D.J.S. Winner of AudioFile Earphones Award: "Because there are no recordings of the actual trial, this production is certainly the next best thing."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.audiobooksync.com/books/the-great-tennessee-monkey-trial/|title=''The Great Tennessee Monkey Trial'': AudioFile Review|work=AudioFile Magazine|date=December 2006|location=Portland, ME}}</ref> The [[BBC]] broadcast ''The Great Tennessee Monkey Trial'' in 2009, in a radio version starring [[Neil Patrick Harris]] and [[Ed Asner]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00nwz36 | title=BBC Radio 4—Saturday Drama, the Great Tennessee Monkey Trial}}</ref>
* Gale Johnson's play ''Inherit the Truth'' (1987) was based on the original transcripts of the case.<ref>[http://www.ledger-enquirer.com/2010/01/21/982302/inherit-the-wind-opens-tonight.html 'Inherit the Wind' opens at the Springer Opera House] Ledger-Enquirer</ref> ''Inherit the Truth'' was performed yearly during the Dayton Scopes Festival until it ended its run in 2009.<ref>[http://www.wate.com/global/story.asp?s=10067872 Play based on Scopes trial ending 20-year run] Wate.com</ref> The play was written as a rebuttal of the 1955 play and the 1960 film, which Dayton residents claim did not accurately depict either the trial or William Jennings Bryan.<ref name=Timesnews>[http://www.timesnews.net/article.php?id=9012707 Play based on Scopes trial ending 20-year run] TimesNews.net</ref> In 2007 [[Bryan College]] purchased the rights to the production and began work on a student film version of the play, which was screened at that year's Scopes Festival.<ref>[http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2007/jul/05/Scopes-trial-film-begins-July-14/?print Scopes trial film begins July 14] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020181841/http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2007/jul/05/Scopes-trial-film-begins-July-14/?print |date=October 20, 2013 }} Times Free Press</ref><ref>Associated Press. ''College plans own version of movie on evolution trial''. Times Daily, July 7, 2007, p48</ref>
* The 1997 ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Lisa the Skeptic]]" drew inspiration from the trial, along with the [[Cardiff Giant]] and [[Piltdown Man]] hoaxes. 
* The film ''Alleged'' (2010), a romantic drama which is set around the Scopes Trial, starring [[Brian Dennehy]] as Clarence Darrow and [[Fred Thompson]] as William Jennings Bryan, was released by Two Shoes Productions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allegedthemovie.com/pages/synopsis.html |title=Synopsis > Alleged |access-date=May 1, 2012}}</ref> While the main storyline is fictional, all the courtroom scenes are accurate according to the actual trial transcripts. Coincidentally, Dennehy had played Matthew Harrison Brady, the fictionalized counterpart of Bryan, in the 2007 Broadway revival of ''Inherit the Wind''.
* In 2013, the [[Comedy Central]] series ''[[Drunk History]]'' retold portions of the trial in the "[[Nashville]]" episode, with [[Bradley Whitford]] portraying Bryan, [[Jack McBrayer]] as Darrow, and [[Derek Waters]] as Scopes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comedycentral.com/video-clips/lh1ta6/drunk-history-the-scopes-monkey-trial |title= Comedy Central: Drunk History: Clip}}</ref>

===Art===

* ''Gallery: Monkey Trial'' shows [[cartoon]]s made in reaction to the trial.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/gallery/index.html |title=Gallery: Monkey Trial|publisher=PBS|website=American Experience}}</ref>

===Literature===

* Ronald Kidd's 2006 novel, ''[[Monkey Town (novel)|Monkey Town]]: The Summer of the Scopes Trial'', set in summer 1925, in [[Dayton, Tennessee]], is based on the Scopes Trial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ronaldkidd.com/Novels/ArtMID/656/ArticleID/20/CategoryID/10/CategoryName/Novels/Monkey-Town-The-Summer-of-the-Scopes-Trial|title=Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial|website=RonaldKidd.com|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130102817/https://www.ronaldkidd.com/Novels/ArtMID/656/ArticleID/20/CategoryID/10/CategoryName/Novels/Monkey-Town-The-Summer-of-the-Scopes-Trial|archive-date=January 30, 2020|access-date=2020-01-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.audiobooksync.com/books/the-great-tennessee-monkey-trial/|title=''The Great Tennessee Monkey Trial'': Description|author=AudioFile Magazine|website=audiobooksync.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301041520/http://www.audiobooksync.com/books/the-great-tennessee-monkey-trial/|archive-date=March 1, 2016|access-date=January 30, 2020}}</ref>

===Music===

* A series of folk songs produced in reaction to the trial, from PBS' ''[[American Experience]]'', includes:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/sfeature/sf_music.html# |title=Monkey Music|publisher=PBS|website=American Experience}}</ref>
** "Bryan's Last Fight"
** "Can't Make a Monkey of Me"
** "Monkey Business"
** "Monkey Out of Me"
** "The John Scopes Trial (The Old Religion's Better After All)"
** "There Ain't No Bugs"
** "Monkey Biz-Ness (Down in Tennessee)" by the International Novelty Orchestra with Billy Murray is a 1925 comedy song about the Scopes Monkey Trial.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/TheInternationalNoveltyOrchestraVbillyMurray-MonkeyBiz-nessDownIn |author=The International Novelty Orchestra with Billy Murray|title= Monkey Biz-Ness (Down In Tennessee 1925)|edition=public domain|website=Internet Archive}}<br>{{cite web|website=Music For Maniacs|url=http://musicformaniacs.blogspot.com/2013/06/silly-78s.html|title=Silly 78s: International Novelty Orchestra with Billy Murray "Monkey Biz-ness (Down in Tennessee)" [GOTTA have some Billy Murray in any survey of 78s- he was the early 20th century's biggest recording star, and certainly one of the most prolific]|author=Mr. Fab|date=2013-06-21}}</ref>
* [[Bruce Springsteen]] performed a song called "Part Man, Part Monkey" during his 1988 [[Tunnel of Love Express Tour]], and recorded a version of it in 1990 that was first released as a 1992 [[B-side]] and was later released on the 1998 multi-volume ''[[Tracks (Bruce Springsteen album)|Tracks]]'' collection. The song references the Scopes trial ("They prosecuted some poor sucker in these United States / For teaching that man descended from the apes") but says that the trial could have been avoided by merely looking at how men behave around women ("They coulda settled that case without a fuss or fight / If they'd seen me chasing you, sugar, through the jungle last night / They'da called in that jury and a one two three, said / Part man, part monkey, definitely").<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brucespringsteen.it/DB/sd3.aspx?sid=428|title=Part Man, Part Monkey|website=The Killing Floor}}</ref>

===Non-fiction===

* It was not until the 1960s that the Scopes trial began to be mentioned in the history textbooks which were used in American high schools and colleges. Such textbooks usually portrayed it as an example of the conflict between [[Christian fundamentalism|fundamentalists]] and [[Modernism|modernists]], and it was frequently mentioned in the sections of those same textbooks which also described the rise of the second iteration of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] in the [[Southern United States|South]], which occurred around the same time.<ref>Lawrance Bernabo and Celeste Michelle Condit (1990). "Two Stories of the Scopes Trial: Legal and Journalistic Articulations of the Legitimacy of Science and Religion" in ''Popular Trials: Rhetoric, Mass Media, and the Law'', edited by Robert Hariman. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, pp. 82–83.</ref>