Editing Schizophrenia (section)

==Prevention==
[[Preventive healthcare|Prevention]] of schizophrenia is difficult as there are no reliable markers for the later development of the disorder.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cannon TD, Cornblatt B, McGorry P | title = The empirical status of the ultra high-risk (prodromal) research paradigm | journal = Schizophrenia Bulletin | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 661–664 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17470445 | pmc = 2526144 | doi = 10.1093/schbul/sbm031 }}</ref>

[[Early intervention in psychosis|Early intervention programs]] diagnose and treat patients in the prodromal phase of the illness. There is some evidence that these programs reduce symptoms. Patients tend to prefer early treatment programs to ordinary treatment and are less likely to disengage from them. As of 2020, it is unclear whether the benefits of early treatment persist once the treatment is terminated.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Puntis S, Minichino A, De Crescenzo F, Cipriani A, Lennox B, Harrison R |title=Specialised early intervention teams for recent-onset psychosis |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume=11 |issue=11 |pages=CD013288 |date=November 2020 |pmid=33135811 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013288.pub2 |pmc=8092671 | quote=p. 22: There is low-certainty evidence for the use of SEl services in comparison to TAU for a small reduction in psychiatric hospitalisation, and moderate-certainty evidence of a large effect of reduction in disengagement from mental health services. There is moderate-certainty evidence that SEI results in a small reduction of positive (hallucinations, delusions and disordered thinking) and negative symptoms (social withdrawal, flat or blunted affect, and poverty of speech) and low-certainty evidence that it greatly increases satisfaction in care, while there is low-certainty evidence that it improves general functioning and the likelihood of recovery. These effects were only observed during treatment and there was no evidence that outcomes are improved after the treatment has finished, although these were based on only one trial.}}</ref>

[[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] may reduce the risk of psychosis in those at high risk after a year<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stafford MR, Jackson H, Mayo-Wilson E, Morrison AP, Kendall T | title = Early interventions to prevent psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = BMJ | volume = 346 | page = f185 | date = January 2013 | pmid = 23335473 | pmc = 3548617 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.f185 }}</ref> and is recommended in this group, by the [[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]] (NICE).<ref name="NICE2014">{{cite web|title=Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: treatment and management |url=http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/14382/66534/66534.pdf |publisher = [[National Institute for Health and Care Excellence]] (NICE) |access-date=19 April 2014 |pages=4–34|date=March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420070946/http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/14382/66534/66534.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2014 }}</ref> Another preventive measure is to avoid drugs that have been associated with development of the disorder, including [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]], cocaine, and [[amphetamines]].<ref name="BMJ07" />

Antipsychotics are prescribed following a first-episode psychosis, and following remission, a preventive maintenance use is continued to avoid relapse. However, it is recognized that some people do recover following a single episode and that long-term use of antipsychotics will not be needed but there is no way of identifying this group.<ref name=Taylor2019>{{cite journal |vauthors=Taylor M, Jauhar S |title=Are we getting any better at staying better? The long view on relapse and recovery in first episode nonaffective psychosis and schizophrenia |journal=Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology |volume=9 |date=September 2019|page=204512531987003 |pmid=31523418|doi=10.1177/2045125319870033 |pmc=6732843 }}</ref>