Editing Red Army Faction (section)

== List of assaults attributed to the RAF ==
{{See also|Members of the Red Army Faction|List of Red Army Faction (Baader-Meinhof) assassinations}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
! Date
! Place
! Action
! Remarks
! Photo
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 22 October 1971 || [[Hamburg]]
| Police officer killed
| RAF members Irmgard Möller and Gerhard Müller attempted to rescue [[Margrit Schiller]] who was being arrested by the police for engaging in a shootout.<ref>[http://www.germanvideo.net/germanrafterroristfilm.html "The Crisis Years of the RAF / The Baader Meinhof Terrorist"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217160519/http://www.germanvideo.net/germanrafterroristfilm.html |date=17 February 2017 }} ''Terrosim in Germany. The RAF/Baader Meinhof Group'' {{sic}}.</ref> Police sergeant Heinz Lemke was shot in the foot, while Sergeant Norbert Schmid, 33, was killed, becoming the first murder to be attributed to the RAF.<ref>Jeffrey Herf, [http://www.history.umd.edu/Faculty/JHerf/GHIterror4ms.pdf History.UMD.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016145345/http://www.history.umd.edu/Faculty/JHerf/GHIterror4ms.pdf |date=16 October 2012 }}, "An Age of Murder: Ideology and Terror in Germany, 1969–1991", lecture at the German Historical Institute in Washington, 27 September 2007.</ref>
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 22 December 1971 || [[Kaiserslautern]]
| Police officer killed
| German Police officer Herbert Schoner, 32, was shot by members of the RAF in a bank robbery. The four militants escaped with 134,000 Deutsche Marks.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 11 May 1972 || [[Frankfurt am Main]]
| Bombing of US Army V Corps headquarters and the officers' mess' Terrace Club<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/idrec/sn/edb/id/207-034 |title=Anschlag der Rote Armee Fraktion auf das Frankfurter Hauptquartier der US-Armee, 11. Mai 1972 |website=Zeitgeschichte in Hessen |publisher=Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen |access-date=26 March 2015 |language=de |trans-title=assault on the headquarters of the US army in Frankfurt by the Red Army Faction |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114835/http://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/idrec/sn/edb/id/207-034 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| US Army LTC [[Paul A. Bloomquist]] killed,
13 wounded
| [[File:Terrace Club Frankfurt Germany 1972 V. Corps.png|150px]]
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 12 May 1972 || [[Augsburg]] and [[Munich]]
| Bombing of a police station in Augsburg and the Bavarian State Criminal Investigations Agency in Munich
| 5 police-officers wounded. Claimed by the [[Tommy Weissbecker]] Commando.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 16 May 1972 || [[Karlsruhe]]
| Bombing of the car of the Federal Judge Buddenberg
| His wife Gerta was driving the car and was wounded. Claimed by the [[Manfred Grashof]] commando.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 19 May 1972 || [[Hamburg]]
| Bombing of the [[Axel Springer Verlag]]. The building was not evacuated even though warnings about the bombing were made by the RAF.
| 17 wounded. [[Ilse Stachowiak]] was involved in the bombing.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 24 May 1972 18:10CET|| [[Heidelberg]]
| Bombing outside of Officers' Club followed by a second bomb moments later in front of Army Security Agency (ASA), U.S. Army in Europe (HQ [[United States Army Europe|USAREUR]]) at [[Campbell Barracks]]. Known involved RAF members: Irmgard Möller and Angela Luther, Andreas Baader, Ulrike Meinhof, Gudrun Ensslin, Holger Meins, Jan-Carl Raspe.
| 3 dead (Ronald A. Woodward, Charles L. Peck and [[Captain (U.S. Army)|Captain]] Clyde R. Bonner), 5 wounded. Claimed by 15 July Commando (in honour of [[Petra Schelm]]). Executed by [[Irmgard Moeller]].
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 24 April 1975 || [[Stockholm]], Sweden
| [[West German embassy siege]], murder of Andreas von Mirbach and Dr. Heinz Hillegaart
| 4 dead, of whom 2 were RAF members.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
|7 May 1976 || [[Dreieich|Sprendlingen]] near [[Offenbach am Main|Offenbach]]
|Police officer killed
|22-year-old Fritz Sippel<ref>{{cite web|url=http://labourhistory.net/raf/other.php|title=Rote Armee Fraktion|access-date=11 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202214356/http://labourhistory.net/raf/other.php|archive-date=2 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> was shot in the head when checking an RAF member's identity papers.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 4 January 1977 || [[Giessen]]
| Attack against US 42nd Field Artillery Brigade at Giessen
| In a failed attack against the Giessen army base, the RAF sought to capture or destroy nuclear weapons present.<ref>Michael Krepon, Ziad Haider & Charles Thornton, [http://www.stimson.org/southasia/pdf/ESCCONTROLCHAPTER6.pdf "Are Tactical Nuclear Weapons Needed in South Asia?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325125216/http://www.stimson.org/southasia/pdf/ESCCONTROLCHAPTER6.pdf |date=25 March 2009 }}, in Michael Krepon, Rodney W. Jones, and Ziad Haider (eds.), ''Escalation Control and the Nuclear Option in South Asia'', Stimson Publications, 2004.</ref> A diversionary bomb attack on a fuel tank failed to fully ignite the fuel.<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Cockburn | first1 = Andrew | last2 = Cockburn | first2 = Leslie | title = One Point Safe | place = New York | publisher = Doubleday | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-0-385-48560-9 | url = https://archive.org/details/onepointsafe00cock_0 }}.</ref><ref>Barry L. Rothberg, "Averting Armageddon: Preventing Nuclear Terrorism in the United States", ''[[Duke University School of Law|Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law]]'', 1997, pp. 79–134.</ref>
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 7 April 1977 || [[Karlsruhe]]
| Assassination of the federal prosecutor-general [[Siegfried Buback]]
| The driver Wolfgang Göbel and judicial officer Georg Wurster were also killed. Claimed by the Ulrike Meinhof Commando. This murder case was brought up again after the 30-year commemoration in April 2007 when information from former RAF member [[Peter-Jürgen Boock]] surfaced in media reports.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 30 July 1977 || [[Oberursel]] ([[Taunus]])
| Killing of [[Jürgen Ponto]]
| The director of [[Dresdner Bank]], [[Jürgen Ponto]], is shot in his home during an attempted kidnapping. Ponto later dies from his injuries.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 5 September 1977
18 October 1977
| [[Cologne]] resp.
[[Mulhouse]], France
| [[Hanns Martin Schleyer]], chairman of the [[Confederation of German Employers' Associations|German Employers' Association]], is kidnapped and later shot
| 3 police-officers, Reinhold Brändle (41); Helmut Ulmer (24); Roland Pieler (20); and the driver Heinz Marcisz (41) are also killed during the kidnapping.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 22 September 1977
| [[Utrecht]], Netherlands
| Police officer killed
| Arie Kranenburg (46), Dutch policeman, shot and killed by RAF [[Knut Folkerts]] outside a bar.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| {{nowrap|24 September 1978}}
| A forest near [[Dortmund]]<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919863,00.html?iid=chix-sphere|title=Terrorists: Closing in on an Elusive Enemy|date=9 October 1978|magazine=Time|access-date=11 February 2015|archive-date=18 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718042615/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,919863,00.html?iid=chix-sphere|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Police officer killed
| Three RAF members ([[Angelika Speitel]], [[Werner Lotze]], [[Michael Knoll]]) were engaged in target practice when they were confronted by police. A shootout followed where one policeman (Hans-Wilhelm Hans, 26)<ref name="History.UMD.edu">{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.umd.edu/Faculty/JHerf/GHIterror4ms.pdf |title=History.UMD.edu |access-date=26 March 2008 |archive-date=16 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016145345/http://www.history.umd.edu/Faculty/JHerf/GHIterror4ms.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> was shot dead, and one of the RAF members (Knoll) was wounded so badly that he later died from his injuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://labourhistory.net/raf/chronology-de.php|title=Rote Armee Fraktion|access-date=11 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203011343/http://labourhistory.net/raf/chronology-de.php|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 1 November 1978 || [[Kerkrade]], Netherlands<ref>{{cite web|url=http://labourhistory.net/raf/chronology.php|title=Rote Armee Fraktion|access-date=11 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205050232/http://labourhistory.net/raf/chronology.php|archive-date=5 December 2013}}</ref>
| Gun battle with four Dutch [[customs|custom officials]]
| Dionysius de Jong (19) was shot to death, and Johannes Goemanns (24) later died of his wounds, when they were involved in a gunfight with RAF members [[Adelheid Schulz]] and [[Rolf Heissler]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raf-geschichte-der-rote-armee-fraktion.de/Chronologie-der-Rote-Armee-Fraktion.asp|title=RAF – Die Geschichte der Rote Armee Fraktion|author=Jürgen Köning|access-date=11 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626123239/http://www.raf-geschichte-der-rote-armee-fraktion.de/Chronologie-der-Rote-Armee-Fraktion.asp|archive-date=26 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> who were trying to cross the Dutch border illegally.<ref name="History.UMD.edu" />
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 25 June 1979
| [[Mons, Belgium|Mons]], Belgium
| [[Alexander Haig]], [[Supreme Allied Commander]] of [[NATO]], escapes an assassination attempt
| A land mine blew up under the bridge on which Haig's car was traveling, narrowly missing Haig's car and wounding three of his bodyguards in a following car.<ref name="haig">{{Cite news
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/25/world/german-guilty-in-79-attack-at-nato-on-alexander-haig.html
|title=German Guilty in '79 Attack at NATO on Alexander Haig
|date=25 November 1993
|issue=49526
|volume=143
|newspaper=The New York Times
|access-date=18 February 2017
|archive-date=3 May 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503010610/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/25/world/german-guilty-in-79-attack-at-nato-on-alexander-haig.html
|url-status=live
}}</ref> In 1993 a German Court sentenced [[Rolf Clemens Wagner]], a former RAF member, to life imprisonment for the assassination attempt.<ref name="haig"/>
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 31 August 1981
| [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany]]
| 
| Large car-bomb exploded in the HQ USAFE and HQ 4th ATAF parking lot of [[Ramstein Air Base]]
|[[File:RAF-Bombenanschlag in Ramstein, 1981.jpg|220x220px]]
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 15 September 1981
| [[Heidelberg]]
| 
| Unsuccessful rocket propelled grenade attack against the car carrying the US Army's West German Commander [[Frederick J. Kroesen]]. Known involved RAF members: Brigitte Mohnhaupt, Christian Klar.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
|2 July 1982
| [[Nuremberg]]
| Unsuccessful sniper attack against US Army Nuclear Storage Site NATO-23. 
|A family of four (two adults and two children) who were out hunting mushrooms, made their way through a broken fence the day after the sniper incident and were killed in an accidental shooting by members of the 3/17th Field Artillery Battalion, who were on high alert. They were guarding the NATO 2–3 Nuclear storage site at the time and had been fired upon several times the night before by Christian Klar, when two US soldiers had been slightly wounded and one killed.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 18 December 1984
| [[Oberammergau]], West Germany
| Unsuccessful attempt to bomb a school for NATO officers. The car bomb was discovered and defused.
| A total of ten incidents followed over the next month, against US, British, and French targets.<ref>{{cite news |title=German Terrorists Raid U.S. Consul's Home |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/04/world/around-the-world-german-terrorists-raid-us-consul-s-home.html |work=The New York Times |agency=UPI |issue=46279 |volume=134|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210100324/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B05E2DC1F38F937A35752C0A963948260 |archive-date=10 December 2008|date=4 January 1985}}</ref>
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 1 February 1985 || [[Gauting]]
| Shooting
| Ernst Zimmerman, head of the [[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]] is shot in the head in his home. Zimmermann died twelve hours later. The assassination was claimed by the [[Patsy O'Hara]] Commando.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 8 August 1985 || [[Rhein-Main Air Base]] (near [[Frankfurt]])
| [[Rhein-Main Air Base bombing]]: A [[Volkswagen Passat]] exploded in the parking lot across from the base commander's building
| Two people killed: Airman First Class Frank Scarton and Becky Bristol, a U.S. civilian employee who also was the spouse of a U.S. Air Force enlisted man.<ref name="rheinmain">[https://www.stripes.com/rhein-main-car-bomb-kills-2-more-than-20-injured-in-blast-1.462094 Rhein-Main car bomb kills 2; more than 20 injured in blast.] Stars and Stripes European Edition, August 9, 1985</ref> A granite monument marks the spot where they died. Twenty people were also injured. Army Spec. [[Edward Pimental]] was kidnapped and killed the night before for his military ID card which was used to gain access to the base. The French revolutionary organization [[Action Directe (armed group)|Action Directe]] is suspected to have collaborated with the RAF on this attack. [[Birgit Hogefeld]] and [[Eva Haule]] have been convicted for their involvement in this event.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 9 July 1986 || [[Straßlach]] (near [[Munich]])
|
| Shooting of Siemens manager [[Karl Heinz Beckurts]] and driver Eckhard Groppler
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 10 October 1986 || [[Bonn]]
| Killing of [[Gerold Braunmühl]]
| The senior diplomat of the German Foreign Office was shot by two people in front of his residence on Buchholzstraße.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 30 November 1989 || [[Bad Homburg vor der Höhe]]
| Bombing of the car carrying the chairman of Deutsche Bank [[Alfred Herrhausen]] (killed)
| The case remained open for a long time, as the advanced explosive method employed baffled German prosecutors, as it could not have been the work of guerrillas like the RAF. Also, all suspects of the RAF were not charged due to alibis. However, the case received new light in late 2007 when German authorities learned that the [[Stasi]], the former East German secret police, may have played a role in the assassination of Herrhausen, as the bombing method was exactly the same as one that had been developed by the Stasi.
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 13 February 1991 || Bonn
| [[1991 United States embassy sniper attack|Sniper attack on U.S. embassy]]
| Three Red Army Faction members fired a G1 automatic rifle from across the [[Rhine]] River at the U.S. Embassy Chancery. No one was hurt.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.army.mil/terrorism/1999-1990/index.html |title=Timeline of Terrorism|publisher=US Army |access-date=18 April 2012 |archive-date=30 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430220936/http://www.army.mil/terrorism/1999-1990/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 1 April 1991 || [[Düsseldorf]]
| Assassination of [[Detlev Karsten Rohwedder]], at his house in Düsseldorf
|Rohwedder was the chief of the [[Treuhandanstalt]], the agency that privatized the former East German enterprises after the [[German reunification]].
|
|-  style="vertical-align:top;"
| 27 March 1993 || [[Weiterstadt]]
| [[Weiterstadt prison bombing]]: Attacks with explosives at the construction site of a new prison
| Led to the capture of two RAF members three months later at a train station, and a shoot-out between RAF member [[Wolfgang Grams]] and a [[GSG 9]] squad; GSG9 officer [[Michael Newrzella]] was killed before Grams allegedly was shot, while [[Birgit Hogefeld]] was arrested. Damage totaling 123 million [[Deutsche Mark]]s (over 50 million [[euro]]s). The attack caused a four-year delay in the completion of the site that was planned to open in 1993.
|[[File:JVA Weiterstadt.jpg|150px]]
|}