Editing Recall election (section)

=== Germany ===

==== Mayoral Recalls ====
[[Mayor]]s may be recalled in 11 out of the [[States of Germany|16 states]] of [[Germany]]. In a majority of these states recall elections are indirect, meaning that they only take place after a [[motion of no confidence]] from the municipal council of the [[Municipalities of Germany|city]]. A [[supermajority]] vote is normally needed to start the recall process from the council. Four states also allow the direct recall, where citizens may sign a petition to trigger the recall vote.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Process of recalling mayors in Germany
! rowspan="2" |State
! rowspan="2" |Year of 
introduction
! colspan="2" |Requires either:
! rowspan="2" |Turnout requirement of recall vote
(Percentage of Voters)
|-
!Signatures  
(percentage of citizens)
!Municipal councilors 
vote 
|-
|{{Flag|Brandenburg}}
| align=center |1993
| align=center |15-20%
| align=center |2/3
| align=center |25%
|-
|{{Flag|Hesse}}
| align=center |1993
| align=center | Not available
| align=center |2/3
| align=center |30%
|-
|{{Flag|Lower Saxony}}
| align=center |1996
| align=center | Not available
| align=center |3/4
| align=center |25%
|-
|{{Flag|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern}}
| align=center |1999
| align=center | Not available
| align=center |2/3
| align=center |33.33%
|-
|{{Flag|North Rhine-Westphalia}}
| align=center |1999
| align=center |15-20%
| align=center |2/3
| align=center |25%
|-
|{{Flag|Rhineland-Palatinate}}
| align=center |1994
| align=center | Not available
| align=center |2/3
| align=center |30%
|-
|{{Flag|Saarland}}
| align=center |1994
| align=center | Not available
| align=center |2/3
| align=center |30%
|-
|{{Flag|Saxony}}
| align=center |1994
| align=center |33.33%
| align=center |3/4
| align=center |50%
|-
|{{Flag|Saxony-Anhalt}}
| align=center |1994
| align=center | Not available
| align=center |3/4
| align=center |30%
|-
|{{Flag|Schleswig-Holstein}}
| align=center |1997
| align=center |20%
| align=center |2/3
| align=center |20%
|-
|{{Flag|Thuringia}}
| align=center |1994
| align=center | Not available
| align=center |1/2
| align=center |30%
|-
! colspan="5" |Source<ref>Geissel, Brigitte & Jung, Stefan. (2018). Recall in Germany: explaining the use of a local democratic innovation. Democratization. 25. 1358-1378. 10.1080/13510347.2017.1398735. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327748229_Recall_in_Germany_explaining_the_use_of_a_local_democratic_innovation</ref>
|}

==== State parliaments ====
The recall of members of the [[State Parliament (Germany)|state parliaments]] of Germany exist in five [[States of Germany|states]]; [[Bavaria]], [[Berlin]], [[Brandenburg]], [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]], and [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. All of these states only allow for the recall of the entire legislature by triggering a new election, the recall of individual members is not allowed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Venice Commission|title=REPORT ON THE RECALL OF MAYORS AND LOCAL ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES|url=https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2019)011rev-e}}</ref>

Article 18, Section 3 of the [https://www.bayern.landtag.de/fileadmin/Internet_Dokumente/Sonstiges_P/BV_Verfassung_Englisch_formatiert_14-12-16.pdf Constitution of Bavaria] provides, that the entire [[Landtag of Bavaria|Landtag]] can be dismissed by referendum on petition of 1 Million citizens, with elections of a new Landtag to be held up to six weeks after the recall referendum.