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=== Aviation === [[Aviators]] are certified through theoretical and in-flight examinations. Requirements for certifications are quite equal in most countries and are regulated by each National Aviation Authority. The existing certificates or pilot licenses are: * SPL (Sport Pilot License) conferred by the FAA ([[Federal Aviation Administration]]) * [[Private Pilot License|PPL]] (Private Pilot License) conferred by the FAA ([[Federal Aviation Administration]]) or JAA ([[Joint Aviation Authorities]]) * CPL ([[Commercial Pilot Licence]]) conferred by the FAA ([[Federal Aviation Administration]]) or JAA ([[Joint Aviation Authorities]]) * ATP ([[Airline Transport Pilot License|Airline Transport Pilot]]) conferred by the FAA ([[Federal Aviation Administration]]) or JAA ([[Joint Aviation Authorities]]) Licensing in these categories require not only examinations but also a minimum number of flight hours. All categories are available for Fixed-Wing Aircraft ([[airplane]]s) and Rotatory-Wing Aircraft ([[helicopter]]s). Within each category, aviators may also obtain certifications in: * Instrument Flight Rules ([[Instrument flight rules|IFR]]) * [[:Category:Multi-engine aircraft|Multi-engine aircraft]] * [[Turbojet]] Engines * [[Jet Engine]]s * [[Experimental aircraft]] * [[Amphibious aircraft]] * [[Seaplane]]s Usually, aviators must be certified also in their log books for the type and model of aircraft they are allowed to fly. Currency checks as well as regular medical check-ups with a frequency of 6 months, 12 months, or 36 months, depending on the type of flying permitted, are obligatory. An aviator can fly only if holding: * A valid pilot license * A valid medical certificate * Valid certifications for the type of aircraft and type of flight. In [[Europe]], the [[Air Navigation Service Provider|ANSP]], [[Air traffic controller|ATCO]] & ANSP technicians are certified according to EUROCONTROL Safety Regulatory Requirement (ESARRs) (according to [[European Union|EU]] regulation 2096/2005 "Common Requirements").
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