Editing Post-traumatic stress disorder (section)

=== Neuroimmunology ===
Studies on the peripheral immune have found dysfunction with elevated [[cytokine]] levels and a higher risk of immune-related chronic diseases among individuals with PTSD.<ref name="y574">{{cite journal |last1=Katrinli |first1=Seyma |last2=Oliveira |first2=Nayara C. S. |last3=Felger |first3=Jennifer C. |last4=Michopoulos |first4=Vasiliki |last5=Smith |first5=Alicia K. |date=2022-08-04 |title=The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder |journal=Translational Psychiatry |volume=12 |issue=1 |page= 313|doi=10.1038/s41398-022-02094-7 |issn=2158-3188 |pmc=9352784 |pmid=35927237}}</ref> [[Neuroimmune system|Neuroimmune]] dysfunction has also been found in PTSD, raising the possibility of a suppressed central immune response due to reduced activity of [[microglia]] in the brain in response to immune challenges. Individuals with PTSD, compared to controls, have lower increase in a marker of microglial activation ([[Translocator protein|18-kDa translocator protein]]) following [[lipopolysaccharide]] administration.<ref name="m591">{{cite journal |last1=Bonomi |first1=Robin |last2=Hillmer |first2=Ansel T. |last3=Woodcock |first3=Eric |last4=Bhatt |first4=Shivani |last5=Rusowicz |first5=Aleksandra |last6=Angarita |first6=Gustavo A. |last7=Carson |first7=Richard E. |last8=Davis |first8=Margaret T. |last9=Esterlis |first9=Irina |last10=Nabulsi |first10=Nabeel |last11=Huang |first11=Yiyun |last12=Krystal |first12=John H. |last13=Pietrzak |first13=Robert H. |last14=Cosgrove |first14=Kelly P. |date=2024-08-27 |title=Microglia-mediated neuroimmune suppression in PTSD is associated with anhedonia |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=121 |issue=35 |pages=e2406005121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2406005121 |pmid=39172786 |pmc=11363315 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12106005B |issn=0027-8424}}</ref> This neuroimmune suppression is also associated with greater severity of anhedonic symptoms. Researchers suggest that treatments aimed at restoring neuroimmune function could be beneficial for alleviating PTSD symptoms.<ref name="m591" />