Editing Polycystic ovary syndrome (section)

=== Diet ===
Where PCOS is associated with being overweight or obese, successful weight loss is the most effective method of restoring normal ovulation/menstruation. The [[American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists]] guidelines recommend a goal of achieving 10–15% weight loss or more, which improves [[insulin resistance]] and all{{clarify|date=June 2022}} [[hormonal disorders]].<ref name="AACE2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Garvey WT, Mechanick JI, Brett EM, Garber AJ, Hurley DL, Jastreboff AM, Nadolsky K, Pessah-Pollack R, Plodkowski R | title = American association of clinical endocrinologists and American college of endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity. | journal = Endocrine Practice | volume = 22 | issue = Suppl 3 | pages = 1–203 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 27219496 | doi = 10.4158/EP161365.GL | collaboration = Reviewers of the AACE/ACE Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines | doi-access = free }}</ref> Still, many women find it very difficult to achieve and sustain significant weight loss. Insulin resistance itself can cause increased food cravings and lower energy levels, which can make it difficult to lose weight on a regular weight-loss diet. A [[scientific review]] in 2013 found similar improvements in weight, body composition and [[pregnancy rate]], menstrual regularity, ovulation, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, lipids, and quality of life to occur with weight loss, independent of diet composition.<ref name=Moran2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Moran LJ, Ko H, Misso M, Marsh K, Noakes M, Talbot M, Frearson M, Thondan M, Stepto N, Teede HJ | title = Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines | journal = Human Reproduction Update | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | page = 432 |date= 2013 | pmid = 23727939 | doi = 10.1093/humupd/dmt015 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Still, a [[low GI diet]], in which a significant portion of total carbohydrates is obtained from fruit, vegetables, and whole-grain sources, has resulted in greater menstrual regularity than a [[macronutrient]]-matched healthy diet.<ref name="Moran2013" />

Reducing the intake of food groups that cause inflammation, such as dairy, sugars, and simple carbohydrates, can be beneficial.<ref name=":2" />

A [[mediterranean diet]] is often very effective due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |veditors=Diamanti-Kandarakis E |date=2022 |title=Polycystic Ovary Syndrome |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/C2018-0-03276-4 |doi=10.1016/c2018-0-03276-4 |isbn=978-0-12-823045-9 |s2cid=222263507 |access-date=22 August 2023 |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529161114/https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128230459/polycystic-ovary-syndrome?via=ihub= |url-status=live }}</ref>

It has been suggested that [[vitamin D deficiency]] may play some undetermined role in the development of the [[metabolic syndrome]], and that treatment might be beneficial.<ref name=emedicine_treatment /><ref name="pmid24044903">{{cite journal | vauthors = Krul-Poel YH, Snackey C, Louwers Y, Lips P, Lambalk CB, Laven JS, Simsek S | title = The role of vitamin D in metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review | journal = European Journal of Endocrinology | volume = 169 | issue = 6 | pages = 853–865 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 24044903 | doi = 10.1530/EJE-13-0617 | type = Review | doi-access = free }}</ref> However, a systematic review of 2015 found no evidence that vitamin D supplementation reduced or mitigated metabolic and hormonal dysregulations in PCOS.<ref name="pmid26061015">{{cite journal | vauthors = He C, Lin Z, Robb SW, Ezeamama AE | title = Serum Vitamin D Levels and Polycystic Ovary syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | journal = Nutrients |date= 2015 | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 4555–77 | doi = 10.3390/nu7064555 | pmid = 26061015 | pmc = 4488802 | doi-access = free }}</ref> As of 2012, interventions using [[dietary supplements]] to correct metabolic deficiencies in people with PCOS had been tested in small, uncontrolled and nonrandomized clinical trials; the resulting data are insufficient to recommend their use.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Huang G, Coviello A | title = Clinical update on screening, diagnosis and management of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors associated with polycystic ovary syndrome | journal = Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity | volume = 19 | issue = 6 | pages = 512–9 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23108199 | doi = 10.1097/med.0b013e32835a000e | s2cid = 205792902 }}</ref>