Editing Physical therapy (section)

===Orthopaedics===
[[File:Physiotherapiebehandlung.jpg|thumb|Treatment by orthopedic physical therapists]]
Orthopedic physical therapists diagnose, manage, and treat disorders and injuries of the [[musculoskeletal system]] including rehabilitation after [[orthopedic surgery]], acute trauma such as sprains, strains, injuries of insidious onset such as tendinopathy, bursitis, and deformities like [[scoliosis]]. This specialty of physical therapy is most often found in the outpatient clinical setting. Orthopedic therapists are trained in the treatment of post-operative orthopedic procedures, fractures, acute sports injuries, arthritis, sprains, strains, back and neck pain, spinal conditions, and amputations.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

Joint and spine mobilization/manipulation, [[dry needling]] (similar to [[acupuncture]]), therapeutic [[exercise]], neuromuscular techniques, muscle reeducation, hot/cold packs, and [[electrical muscle stimulation]] (e.g., [[cryotherapy]], [[iontophoresis]], [[electrotherapy]]) are [[stimulus modality|modalities]] employed to expedite recovery in the orthopedic setting.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Cameron MH |title=Physical agents in rehabilitation: from research to practice|publisher=W. B. Saunders|location=Philadelphia|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7216-9378-1}}</ref>{{Verify source|does source support claim?|date=January 2010}} Additionally, an emerging adjunct to diagnosis and treatment is the use of [[sonography]] for diagnosis and to guide treatments such as muscle retraining.<ref name="pmid12034127">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bunce SM, Moore AP, Hough AD | title = M-mode ultrasound: a reliable measure of transversus abdominis thickness? | journal = Clinical Biomechanics | volume = 17 | issue = 4 | pages = 315–7 | date = May 2002 | pmid = 12034127 | doi = 10.1016/S0268-0033(02)00011-6 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17970407">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wallwork TL, Hides JA, Stanton WR | title = Intrarater and interrater reliability of assessment of lumbar multifidus muscle thickness using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging | journal = The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy | volume = 37 | issue = 10 | pages = 608–12 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17970407 | doi = 10.2519/jospt.2007.2418 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid16001905">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henry SM, Westervelt KC | title = The use of real-time ultrasound feedback in teaching abdominal hollowing exercises to healthy subjects | journal = The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy | volume = 35 | issue = 6 | pages = 338–45 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 16001905 | doi = 10.2519/jospt.2005.35.6.338 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Those with injury or disease affecting the muscles, bones, ligaments, or tendons will benefit from assessment by a physical therapist specialized in orthopedics.<ref>{{Citation |last=Sai Sadineni |first=Harshavardhan |title=Orthopedic Applications: Advancing Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Health |date=2024-02-06 |work=Physical Therapy - Towards Evidence-Based Practice |url=https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1003098 |access-date=2025-03-03 |publisher=IntechOpen |doi=10.5772/intechopen.1003098 |isbn=978-0-85466-116-9|doi-access=free }}</ref>