Editing Phonograph (section)

==Dominance of the disc record==
[[File:Portable 78 rpm record player.jpg|thumb|right|A 1930s portable wind-up gramophone from [[Gramophone Company|The Gramophone Company]]]]
In the 1930s, [[Gramophone record|vinyl]] (originally known as vinylite) was introduced as a record material for radio [[transcription disc]]s, and for radio commercials. At that time, virtually no discs for home use were made from this material. Vinyl was used for the popular 78-rpm [[V-discs]] issued to US soldiers during [[World War II]]. This significantly reduced breakage during transport. The first commercial vinylite record was the set of five 12" discs "[[Prince Igor]]" (Asch Records album S-800, dubbed from Soviet masters in 1945). Victor began selling some home-use vinyl 78s in late 1945; but most 78s were made of a [[shellac]] compound until the 78-rpm format was completely phased out. (Shellac records were heavier and more brittle.) 33s and 45s were, however, made exclusively of vinyl, with the exception of some 45s manufactured out of [[polystyrene]].<ref>Peter A Soderbergh, "Olde Records Price Guide 1900–1947", Wallace–Homestead Book Company, Des Moines, Iowa, 1980, pp.193–194</ref>

===First all-transistor phonograph===
[[File:Philco All-Transistor Phonograph-1955.jpg|left|thumb|Philco all-transistor model TPA-1 phonograph, developed and produced in 1955]]
[[File:Philco TPA-1 All-Transistor phonograph - Radio and Television News Oct 1955.jpg|right|thumb|Philco all-transistor model TPA-1 phonograph – ''Radio and Television News'' magazine, issue October 1955]]
In 1955, [[Philco]] developed and produced the world's first all-[[transistor]] phonograph models TPA-1 and TPA-2, which were announced in the June 28, 1955 edition of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''.<ref>''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', "Phonograph Operated On Transistors to Be Sold by Philco Corp.", June 28, 1955, page 8.</ref> Philco started to sell these all-transistor phonographs in the fall of 1955, for the price of $59.95. The October 1955 issue of ''Radio & Television News'' magazine (page 41), had a full page detailed article on Philco's new consumer product. The all-transistor portable phonograph TPA-1 and TPA-2 models played only 45rpm records and used four 1.5 volt "D" batteries for their power supply. The "TPA" stands for "Transistor Phonograph Amplifier". Their circuitry used three Philco germanium PNP alloy-fused junction audio frequency transistors. After the 1956 season had ended, Philco decided to discontinue both models, for transistors were too expensive compared to vacuum tubes,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radiomuseum.org/r/philco_tpa_1_tpa1.html |title=TPA-1 M32 R-Player Philco, Philadelphia Stg. Batt. Co.; USA |language=de |publisher=Radiomuseum.org |date=1955-06-28 |access-date=2013-10-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021204215/http://www.radiomuseum.org/r/philco_tpa_1_tpa1.html |archive-date=2013-10-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philcoradio.com/gallery/1956.htm |title=The Philco Radio Gallery – 1956 |publisher=Philcoradio.com |date=2012-03-12 |access-date=2013-10-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621172556/http://www.philcoradio.com/gallery/1956.htm |archive-date=2013-06-21 }}</ref> but by 1961 a $49.95 (${{format price|{{Inflation|US|49.95|1961|r=2}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}) portable, battery-powered radio-phonograph with seven transistors was available.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=November 1961 |title=The Only Portable of its Kind! |url=https://archive.org/stream/1961-11_IF#page/n131"/mode/2up |magazine=If |type=advertisement |page=Back cover}}</ref>