Editing Peru (section)

===Military and law enforcement===
{{main|Peruvian Armed Forces}}
[[File:Peruvian_Marines_2019.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Peruvian Naval Infantry|Peruvian marines]] in the [[Valle de los Ríos Apurímac, Ene y Mantaro|VRAEM]] in 2019]]
Peru has the fourth largest military in Latin America. Peru's armed forces{{snd}}the [[Peruvian Armed Forces|Armed Forces of Peru]]{{snd}}comprise the [[Peruvian Navy]] (MGP), the [[Peruvian Army]] (EP), and the [[Peruvian Air Force]] (FAP), in total numbering 392,660 personnel (including 120,660 regulars and 272,000 reservists) as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rpp.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/ranking-ubica-al-peru-como-la-cuarta-fuerza-armada-mas-poderosa-de-latinoamerica-noticia-1061135|title=Ránking ubica al Perú como la cuarta Fuerza Armada más poderosa de Latinoamérica|website=RPP|date=29 July 2017|language=es|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=17 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717012037/https://rpp.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/ranking-ubica-al-peru-como-la-cuarta-fuerza-armada-mas-poderosa-de-latinoamerica-noticia-1061135|url-status=live}}</ref> Their primary mission is to safeguard the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country.<ref name="Williams 1972 43–60" />

Their functions are separated by branch:

* The [[Peruvian Army]] is made up of the Chief of Staff, two Control Bodies, two Support Bodies, five Military Regions and six Command Rooms.
* The [[Peruvian Air Force]] was officially created on 20 May 1929, with the name of Peruvian Aviation Corps. Its main function is to serve as the country's [[air defense]]. It also participates in [[Peace movement|social support campaigns]] for hard-to-reach populations, organizes air bridges during disasters, and participates in [[Peacekeeping|international peace missions]]. Its four major [[air base]]s are located in the cities of [[Piura]], [[Callao]], [[Arequipa]] and [[Iquitos]].
*The [[Peruvian Navy]] is in charge of the country's maritime, river, and lake defense. It is made up of 26,000 sailors. Personnel are divided into three levels: superior personnel, junior personnel and seafarers.

The military is governed by both the [[President of Peru|commander in chief]], [[Ministry of Defense (Peru)|Ministry of Defense]], and [[Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru|Joint Command of the Armed Forces]] (CCFFAA). The CCFFAA has subordinates to the Operational Commands and Special Commands, with which it carries out the military operations that are required for the defense and the fulfillment of the tasks that the executive power provides.<ref>Ministerio de Defensa, ''Libro Blanco de la Defensa Nacional''. Ministerio de Defensa, 2005, 90.</ref> [[Conscription]] was abolished in 1999 and replaced by [[voluntary military service]].<ref>''Ley N° 27178, Ley del Servicio Militar'', Articles No. 29, 42 and 45.</ref> The [[National Police of Peru]] is often classified as a part of the armed forces. However, it has a distinct organizational structure and a purely civilian mandate. Its training and operations, particularly over the past two decades as an anti-terrorist unit, have imbued it with distinctly military traits, leading to its portrayal as a de facto fourth military branch with substantial land, sea, and air capabilities, and a work force of around 140,000 individuals.The Peruvian armed forces report through the Ministry of Defense, while the National Police of Peru reports through the Ministry of Interior.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vásquez|first=George L.|title=The Peruvian Army in War and Peace: 1980–1992|date=1994|journal=Journal of Third World Studies|volume=11|issue=2|pages=100–116|jstor=45197485|issn=8755-3449}}</ref><ref name="Williams 1972 43–60" />

Since the end of the [[Internal conflict in Peru|crisis in Peru]] in 2000, the federal government has significantly reduced annual spending in defense.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weber|first=Cynthia|date=1990|title=Representing Debt: Peruvian Presidents Belaunde's and Garcia's Reading/Writing of Peruvian Debt|journal=International Studies Quarterly|volume=34|issue=3|pages=353–365|doi=10.2307/2600575|jstor=2600575|issn=0020-8833}}</ref> In the 2016–2017 budget, defense spending has constituted 1.1% of GDP ($2.3&nbsp;billion), the second lowest spending relative to GDP in South America following Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=PE|title=Military expenditure (% of GDP) – Peru {{!}} Data|website=data.worldbank.org|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-date=15 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715175900/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=PE|url-status=live}}</ref> More recently, the Armed Forces of Peru have been used in [[civil defense]]. In 2020, Peru used its military personnel and even reservists to enforce the strict [[quarantine]] measures placed during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-peru-army-idUSKBN21J69A|title=Peru calls up 10,000 army reserves to enforce quarantine|date=1 April 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=2 April 2020|language=en|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406070507/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-peru-army-idUSKBN21J69A|url-status=live}}</ref>