Editing Penguin (section)

==Penguins and humans==
[[File:CharlesGreenwithPenguin.png|thumb|The [[Cook (profession)|cook]] on the ''[[Endurance (1912 ship)|Endurance]]'' preparing an [[emperor penguin]] for consumption.]]
[[Image:AntarcticaSummer.jpg|right|thumb|An [[Adélie penguin]] encountering a human during the Antarctic summer]]
Penguins have no special fear of humans and will often approach groups of people. This is probably because penguins have no land predators in [[Antarctica]] or the nearby offshore islands. They are preyed upon by other birds like skuas, especially in eggs and as fledglings. Other birds like petrels, sheathbills, and gulls also eat the chicks. [[Dog]]s preyed upon penguins while they were allowed in Antarctica during the age of early human exploration as [[sled dog]]s, but dogs have long since been banned from Antarctica.<ref>{{cite web |title=Removal of the sledge dogs from Antarctica |url=https://www.bas.ac.uk/about/antarctica/environmental-protection/wildlife-and-plants-2/removal-of-the-sledge-dogs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113080747/http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/environment/wildlife/removal_of_sledge_dogs.php |archive-date=November 13, 2014 |publisher=Natural Environment Research Council – British Antarctic Survey |language=en-GB}}</ref> Instead, adult penguins are at risk at sea from predators such as [[shark]]s, [[orca]]s, and [[leopard seal]]s. Typically, penguins do not approach closer than around {{convert|9|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}, at which point they appear to become nervous.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011|title=beautyofbirds.com|url=https://www.beautyofbirds.com/penguins.html|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417174014/https://www.beautyofbirds.com/penguins.html|archive-date=April 17, 2021|access-date=April 17, 2021|website=Beauty Of Birds}}</ref>

In June 2011, an emperor penguin came ashore on New Zealand's [[Peka Peka|Peka Peka Beach]], {{convert|3,200|km|mi}} off course on its journey to Antarctica.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Emperor-penguin-not-out-of-the-woods-yet/tabid/1160/articleID/216446/Default.aspx| work= 3 News NZ| title= Emperor penguin not out of the woods yet| date= June 25, 2011| access-date= November 21, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210195757/http://www.3news.co.nz/Emperor-penguin-not-out-of-the-woods-yet/tabid/1160/articleID/216446/Default.aspx| archive-date= December 10, 2013| url-status= live}}</ref> Nicknamed [[Happy Feet (penguin)|Happy Feet]], after the [[Happy Feet|film of the same name]], it was suffering from heat exhaustion and had to undergo a number of operations to remove objects like driftwood and sand from its stomach.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Happy-Feet-pulls-through-third-operation/tabid/1160/articleID/216660/Default.aspx| work= 3 News NZ| title= Happy Feet pulls through third operation| date= June 27, 2011| access-date= November 21, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214073709/http://www.3news.co.nz/Happy-Feet-pulls-through-third-operation/tabid/1160/articleID/216660/Default.aspx| archive-date= December 14, 2011| url-status= live}}</ref> Happy Feet was a media sensation, with extensive coverage on TV and the web, including a live stream that had thousands of views<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/The-truth-about-Happy-Feets-home/tabid/367/articleID/221473/Default.aspx| work= 3 News NZ| title= The truth about Happy Feet's home| date= August 8, 2011| access-date= November 21, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210195800/http://www.3news.co.nz/The-truth-about-Happy-Feets-home/tabid/367/articleID/221473/Default.aspx| archive-date= December 10, 2013| url-status= live}}</ref> and a visit from English actor [[Stephen Fry]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Stephen-Fry-visits-Happy-Feet/tabid/1160/articleID/221822/Default.aspx| work= 3 News NZ| title= Stephen Fry visits Happy Feet| date= August 11, 2011| access-date= November 21, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201121440/http://www.3news.co.nz/Stephen-Fry-visits-Happy-Feet/tabid/1160/articleID/221822/Default.aspx| archive-date= February 1, 2012| url-status= live}}</ref> Once he had recovered, Happy Feet was released back into the water south of New Zealand.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/VIDEO-Happy-Feet-starts-the-long-journey-home/tabid/1160/articleID/223894/Default.aspx| work= 3 News NZ| title= Happy Feet starts the long journey home|format=Video| date= August 29, 2011| access-date= November 21, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202111025/http://www.3news.co.nz/VIDEO-Happy-Feet-starts-the-long-journey-home/tabid/1160/articleID/223894/Default.aspx| archive-date= February 2, 2012| url-status= live}}</ref>

===In popular culture===
{{Main|Cultural depictions of penguins}}
[[Image:Tux.svg|thumb|upright|[[Tux (mascot)|Tux]], the mascot of the [[Linux kernel]]]]

Penguins are widely considered endearing for their unusually upright, waddling [[gait]], swimming ability and (compared to other birds) lack of fear of humans. Their black-and-white plumage is often likened to a [[white tie]] suit. Some writers and artists have penguins based at the [[North Pole]], but there are no wild penguins in the [[Arctic]]. The cartoon series ''[[Chilly Willy]]'' helped perpetuate this [[myth]], as the title penguin would interact with Arctic or [[Subarctic|sub-Arctic]] species, such as [[polar bear]]s and [[walrus]]es.

Penguins have been the subject of many books and films, such as ''[[Happy Feet]]'', ''[[Surf's Up (film)|Surf's Up]]'' and ''[[Penguins of Madagascar]]'', all [[Computer-generated imagery|CGI]] films; ''[[March of the Penguins]]'', a documentary based on the [[Bird migration|migration]] process of the [[emperor penguin]]; and ''[[Farce of the Penguins]]'', a parody of the documentary. ''[[Mr. Popper's Penguins]]'' is a children's book written by Richard and Florence Atwater; it was named a [[Newbery Honor Book]] in 1939. Penguins have also appeared in a number of cartoons and television dramas, including ''[[Pingu]]'', co-created by [[Otmar Gutmann]] and Erika Brueggemann in 1990 and covering more than 100 short episodes. At the end of 2009, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' put it on its end-of-the-decade "best-of" list, saying, "Whether they were walking (''March of the Penguins''), dancing (''Happy Feet''), or hanging ten (''Surf's Up''), these oddly adorable birds took flight at the box office all decade long."<ref>Geier, Thom; Jensen, Jeff; Jordan, Tina; Lyons, Margaret; Markovitz, Adam; Nashawaty, Chris; Pastorek, Whitney; Rice, Lynette; Rottenberg, Josh; Schwartz, Missy; Slezak, Michael; Snierson, Dan; Stack, Tim; Stroup, Kate; Tucker, Ken; Vary, Adam B.; Vozick-Levinson, Simon; Ward, Kate, [https://ew.com/article/2009/12/04/100-greatest-movies-tv-shows-and-more/ "The 100 Greatest Movies, TV Shows, Albums, Books, Characters, Scenes, Episodes, Songs, Dresses, Music Videos, and Trends That Entertained Us Over the Past 10 Years"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415144141/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20324138_2,00.html |date=April 15, 2014 }}. ''Entertainment Weekly''. December 11, 2009 (1079/1080):74-84</ref>

A video game called ''[[Pengo (video game)|Pengo]]'' was released by [[Sega]] in 1982. Set in Antarctica, the player controls a penguin character who must navigate mazes of ice cubes. The player is rewarded with cut-scenes of animated penguins marching, dancing, saluting and playing [[peekaboo]]. Several remakes and enhanced editions have followed, most recently in 2012. Penguins are also sometimes depicted in music.<ref>Shuker, R. (2012). ''Understanding popular music culture''. Routledge.{{ISBN|9781317440895}}{{page needed|date=November 2021}}</ref>

In 1941, [[DC Comics]] introduced the avian-themed character of the [[Penguin (character)|Penguin]] as a [[supervillain]] adversary of the [[superhero]] [[Batman]] (''Detective Comics'' #58). He became one of the most enduring enemies in [[List of Batman family enemies#Classic rogues gallery|Batman's rogues gallery]]. In the 60s ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]'' TV series, as played by [[Burgess Meredith]], he was one of the most popular characters, and in [[Tim Burton]]'s reimagining of the story, the character played by [[Danny Devito]] in the 1992 film ''[[Batman Returns]]'', employed an actual army of penguins (mostly [[African penguin]]s and [[king penguin]]s).
 
Several pro, minor, college and high school sport teams in the [[United States]] have named themselves after the species, including the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]] team in the [[National Hockey League]] and the [[Youngstown State Penguins]] in [[college athletics]].

Penguins featured regularly in the cartoons of U.K. cartoonist [[Steve Bell (cartoonist)|Steve Bell]] in his strip in ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper, particularly during and following the [[Falklands War]]. [[Opus the Penguin]], from the cartoons of [[Berkeley Breathed]], is also described as hailing from the Falklands. Opus was a comical, "existentialist" penguin character in the cartoons ''[[Bloom County]]'', ''[[Outland (comic strip)|Outland]]'' and ''[[Opus (comic strip)|Opus]]''. He was also the star in the animated Christmas TV special ''[[A Wish for Wings That Work]]''.

In the mid-2000s, penguins became one of the most publicized species of animals that form lasting [[Homosexuality in animals#Penguins|homosexual couples]]. A [[Children's literature|children's book]], ''[[And Tango Makes Three]]'', was written about [[Roy and Silo|one such penguin family]] in the [[Central Park Zoo|New York Zoo]].