Editing Pavia (section)

=== Libraries and archives ===

The history of the municipality of Pavia, from the tenth to the twentieth century, can be told through the amount of documentation collected within the Archivio Storico Civico (established in 1895), which also contains collections containing the archives of many aristocratic families from Pavia and of city personalities, such as Gaetano Sacchi, [[Benedetto Cairoli]] and [[Luigi Robecchi Bricchetti]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archiviostorico.comune.pv.it/site/home.html|title=Archivio Storico Civico Pavia|work=Archivio Storico Comune Pavia|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> The Archivio di Stato (founded in 1959) also collect funds from noble archives (Beccaria, Bottigella, Belcredi, [[Malaspina family|Malaspina]]) and more, such as the Mori collection, which collects the papers of [[Cesare Mori]]. Also preserved in the archive are the acts of the notaries of Pavia (1256–1907), the maps of the Teresian [[Cadastre]] of the Pavia area (18th–19th centuries), and the archives of the [[university of Pavia|university]] (1341–1897), of the San Matteo Hospital (1063–1900), the Prefecture, the Police Headquarters and the Court.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archiviodistatopavia.beniculturali.it/home|title=Home|work=Archivio di Stato di Pavia|access-date=8 August 2022|archive-date=27 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327142021/https://archiviodistatopavia.beniculturali.it/home|url-status=dead}}</ref> Equally important is the Archivio Storico Diocesano, which houses the documentation of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Pavia|diocese of Pavia]] since the tenth century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anagrafebbcc.chiesacattolica.it/anagraficaCEIBib/public/VisualizzaScheda.do?codice_cei=CEI408A00001|title=Archivio Storico Diocesano Pavia|work=Anagrafe Istituti Culturali Ecclesiastici|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>
[[File:San maiolo.jpg|thumb|The Archivio di Stato is based in the former monastery of San Maiolo, founded in the 10th century and rebuilt at the end of the 15th century.]]
The Centro per gli studi sulla tradizione manoscritta di autori moderni e contemporanei (Formerly the "Research Center on the Manuscript Tradition of Modern and Contemporary Authors", also known as the "Manuscript Center"), founded by [[Maria Corti]] in 1980, is responsible for the conservation and to the study of modern and contemporary archival and bibliographic heritage. The center, among the most important of its kind in Italy, preserves collections of documentary material (manuscripts, typescripts, letters, first editions, libraries, photographs, drawings, furnishings, paintings and other objects) relating to writers, intellectuals, publishers, artists and scientists of the past two centuries. Among the archival collections preserved we remember those of [[Alberto Arbasino]], [[Riccardo Bacchelli]], [[Romano Bilenchi]], [[Emilio De Marchi (writer)|Emilio De Marchi]], [[Ennio Flaiano]], [[Alfonso Gatto]], [[Tonino Guerra]], [[Claudio Magris]], [[Luigi Meneghello]], [[Eugenio Montale]], [[Indro Montanelli]], [[Salvatore Quasimodo]], [[Mario Rigoni Stern]], [[Amelia Rosselli]], [[Umberto Saba]] and Roberto Sanesi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://centromanoscritti.unipv.it/#image-2|title=Home|work=Centro Manoscritti Unipv| access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>

The library tradition of Pavia among its origins from the Visconteo Sforzesca Library, established in the second half of the fourteenth century by [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]] in the [[Visconti Castle (Pavia)|Visconti Castle]], where the precious illuminated manuscripts of the dukes of Milan were kept. In 1499, with the fall of [[Ludovico Sforza|Ludovico il Moro]], the king of France [[Louis XII]] took most of the manuscripts from the castle and they are now kept in the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France|Bibliothéque Nationale de France]] in [[Paris]]. Of the nearly one thousand manuscripts that made up the library, only one codex remained in Pavia: ''[[Triumphs|I Trionfi]]'' di [[Petrarch|Francesco Petrarca]] kept in the Biblioteca Universitaria.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://collezioni.museicivici.pavia.it/bvs/|title=La biblioteca Visconteo Sforzesca|work=Collezioni Musei Civici Pavia| access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>

In the second half of the 16th century, three historic libraries arose in the city: that of the Episcopal Seminary<ref>{{cite web |url=https://seminariopavia.com/biblioteca/|title= La Biblioteca|work=Seminario Pavia|date= September 2021| access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> and the libraries of the [[collegio Borromeo|Borromeo]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.collegioborromeo.eu/biblioteca/biblioteca/orari-e-cataloghi/|title=Archvio e Biblioteca Collegio Borromeo|work=Collegio Borromeo|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> and [[Ghislieri College|Ghislieri]] Colleges,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ghislieri.it/collegio/attivita/biblioteca/|title=Biblioteca|work=Collegio Ghislieri|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> founded respectively by [[Charles Borromeo]] and Pope [[Pope Pius V|Pius V]] to allow access to the [[University of Pavia|university]] (then the only one of all the [[Duchy of Milan]]) to promising young people, but with scarce economic resources.[[File:Biblioteca universitaria (1).jpg|left|thumb|Biblioteca Universitaria, the salon designed by [[Giuseppe Piermarini]], 1771]] In 1754, by the will of Empress [[Maria Theresa]], the Biblioteca Universitaria was created, the most important in terms of book heritage in the city, which also preserves 1,404 manuscripts, 702 [[Incunable|incunabula]], 1,153 parchments (from 1103 to 1787), the 3,592 old prints, and 1,287 old geographical maps.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bibliotecauniversitariapavia.it/|title=Home|work=Biblioteca Universitaria Pavia|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>

In 1887 the Biblioteca Civica Carlo Bonetta was established, the main seat of the library system of the city which is divided into eight loan and reading points distributed evenly over the entire municipal area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblioteche.comune.pv.it/site/home/biblioteca-bonetta/informazioni-e-contatti.html|title=Informazioni e Contatti per la Biblioteca Bonetta|work=Biblioteche Comune Pv|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>
Among the university libraries we should mention the Library of Humanistic Studies,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblioteche.unipv.it/home/biblioteche/studi-umanistici|title=Biblioteca di Studi Umanistici|work=Biblioteca Unipv|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> born from the amalgamation of several libraries of the university's humanistic faculties, such as that of archeology (built in 1819), the Library of Science and Technology,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblioteche.unipv.it/home/biblioteche/biblioteca-sci-tecnica|title=Biblioteca della Scienza e della Tecnica|work=Biblioteca Unipv|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> where the library also merged of the [[Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia|Botanical Garden]] (established in 1773), the Law Library (1880),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblioteche.unipv.it/home/biblioteche/giurisprudenza|title=Biblioteca di Giurisprudenza|work=Biblioteca Unipv|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> The Science Library,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblioteche.unipv.it/home/biblioteche/biblioteca-delle-scienze|title=Biblioteca delle Scienze|work=Biblioteca Unipv|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> which also houses the volumes of the Medical and Surgical Society of Pavia (founded by [[Camillo Golgi]] in 1885), the Area Library Medica Adolfo Ferrata,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblioteche.unipv.it/home/biblioteche/biblioteca-di-area-medica-adolfo-ferrata| title=Biblioteca di Area Medica Adolfo Ferrata|work=Biblioteca Unipv|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> the Political Science Library (built in 1925<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblioteche.unipv.it/home/biblioteche/scienze-politiche|title=Biblioteca di Scienze Politiche|work=Biblioteca Unipv|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>), the Economics Library<ref>{{cite web |url=http://biblioteche.unipv.it/home/biblioteche/biblioteca-di-economia|title=Biblioteca di Eonomia|work=Biblioteca Unipv|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> and the Giasone del Maino College Library (born in 2000).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collegiodelmaino.it/biblioteca|title=Biblioteca|work=Collegio del Maino|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>